Infections with Vibrio vulnificus resulting in septicemia and high mortality have been correlated pre-existing liver disease hemochromatosis. As these conditions are associated impaired iron metabolism as availability the host has implicated pathogenicity of a number bacterial infections, role possible factor pathogenesis V. was examined. Injection mice resulted lowering 50% lethal dose from 10(6) to 1.1 cells reduction time death postinfection. Elevated serum levels were also produced by...

Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, occurring in warm low-salinity waters. V. wound infections due to seawater exposure are infrequent but mortality rates high (~ 18%). Seawater concentrations increasing changing disease pattern assessments or climate change projections rare. Here, using a 30-year database of cases for the Eastern USA, distribution was assessed. An ecological niche model developed, trained and validated identify links oceanographic data. This used...

Vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium responsible for 95% of all seafood-related deaths in the United States. The occurs naturally molluscan shellfish, and ingestion raw oysters typically source human infection. V. also known to enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, wherein cells are no longer culturable on routine plating media can be shown remain viable. Whether or not this pathogen remains virulent when entering VBNC state has been definitively demonstrated. In study, was...

Stationary-phase-grown cells of the estuarine bacterium Vibrio vulnificus became nonculturable in nutrient-limited artificial seawater microcosms after 27 days at 5 degrees C. When were subjected to temperature upshift by being placed room temperature, original bacterial numbers detectable plate counts 3 days, with a corresponding increase direct viable from 3% over 80% total cell count. No count was observed during resuscitation, indicating that increases not due growth few culturable...

During the summer of 1981, 3,887 sucrose-negative vibrios were isolated from seawater, sediment, plankton, and animal samples taken 80 sites Miami, Fla., to Portland, Maine. Of these, 4.2% able ferment lactose. The lactose-positive strains various correlated positively with pH turbidity water, in sediment oysters, total bacterial counts oysters. Negative correlations obtained for water salinity. Numerical taxonomy was performed on 95 lactose-fermenting environmental isolates 23 reference...

Entry into the viable but nonculturable state by human bacterial pathogen Vibrio vulnificus in artificial seawater microcosms was studied. In contrast to long-term culturability exhibited cells incubated under these starvation conditions at room temperature, exposed a temperature downshift 5 degrees C an immediate decrease culturability. Cells low morphological change from rods cocci demonstrated no reductive division. Of 10 factors studied which might affect response V. vulnificus, only...

Like many other gram-negative bacteria, the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus is induced into a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state by incubation at low temperatures. The ability of any bacterium to resuscitate from this dormant would appear be essential if VBNC truly survival strategy. question as whether culturable cells which following removal inducing stress are result true resuscitation or regrowth few residual has long been debated. V. was examined for its temperature upshift. Several...

Translucent, avirulent spontaneous phase variants of Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24 reverted back to the original opaque, encapsulated phenotype under both in vivo and vitro conditions. Two translucent, acapsular mutants, which did not show variation, were constructed by using transposon Tn5 IS50L::phoA (TnphoA). Loss capsule was accompanied decreases virulence, hydrophilicity, serum resistance. The ability utilize transferrin-bound iron for growth lost only one two unencapsulated mutants. Our...

Of 38 isolates of Vibrio vulnificus examined, all avirulent strains produced only translucent colonies. All virulent strains, with the exception biogroup 2 (eel pathogens), exhibited both opaque and Isogenic morphotypes were examined for a variety phenotypic virulence traits. Only ability to utilize transferrin-bound iron presence surface polysaccharide found correlate colony opacity virulence.

Abstract Vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium which the causative agent of both food‐borne disease and wound infection. Although V. commonly found in molluscan shellfish at high numbers, incidence relatively low, leading to hypothesis that not all strains are equally virulent. Unfortunately, there currently no easy test identify virulent this species. We have previously identified a 200 bp randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR amplicon associated with clinical isolates....

Vibrio vulnificus is a human pathogen associated with consumption of raw oysters. During the colder months organism apparently enters viable but nonculturable state and thus cannot be cultured by ordinary bacteriological methods. For this reason, another means detecting bacterium necessary. In present study we utilized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect V. DNA, eliminating problem nonculturability. DNA from both culturable cells was amplified PCR primers flanking 340-bp fragment...

Previous studies in our laboratory, as well clinical evidence, have suggested that increased iron levels the host may be important infections caused by halophilic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus. To study acquisition, we induced siderophore production growth a low-iron medium, and biochemical testing indicated of both hydroxamate- phenolate-type siderophores. The siderophores were extracted from filtrates with ethyl acetate (for phenolates) phenol-chloroform-ether hydroxamates). These extracts...

Water, sediment, plankton, and animal samples from five coastal sites North Carolina to Georgia were sampled for their lactose-fermenting vibrio populations. Over 20% of all vibrios tested sucrose negative o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) positive, suggesting identification as the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus. These isolated sample sources (water, animals). Correlations with several 19 environmental parameters monitored at each site found total vibrios. The presence...

Vibrio vulnificus is responsible for 95% of all seafood-associated fatalities in the United States. When water temperatures drop below c. 13 °C, cells enter into viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state wherein they are unable to grow on routine media retain viability and ability return culturable state. The aim this study was determine whether V. VBNC protected against a variety potentially lethal challenges (heat, oxidative, osmotic, pH, ethanol, antibiotic heavy metal) examine genetic...