The sixth-generation (6G) technology of mobile networks will establish new standards to fulfill unreachable performance requirements by fifth-generation (5G) networks. This is due the high for more intelligent network, ultra-lower latency, extreme network communication speed, and supporting massive number various connected applications. In long term, convergence business developments with platforms, as initiated 5G, exaggerate highlight areas where 5G's capabilities fall short requirements....

Different fields have been thriving with the advents in mobile communication systems recent years. These reap benefits of data collected by Internet Things (IoT) next generation (5G and 5BG) networks. The IoT concept transforms different providing large amount to be used their operations. This is achieved massively utilized sensors devices that acquire from internet connected keep track physical systems. Hence, use cases benefit generated thanks future network Intelligent Transportation...

An experimental study on the effect of weather conditions such as solar radiation, humidity, temperature, and rain Long Range (LoRa) communication in a tropical region (Malaysia) via campus environment has been carried out analyzed. The parameters were obtained from an online meteorological station (Meteoblue) use local automatic station. A temperature sensor was attached to LoRa node measure onboard temperature. We analyze diurnal variation effects condition based link LoRaWAN setup....

This letter investigates rain attenuation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, by exploiting local drop size distribution (DSD) measurements. Coefficients for the well-established power-law model relating rate and specific are derived frequencies Ku-, Ka-, Q/V-bands based on three years of disdrometer data. We analyze diurnal variation rainfall four time intervals and, moreover, we present statistics slant-path Earth-space links estimated means a new (Stratiform-Convective SST) that combines...

Mobile satellite systems can be characterized as a major solution since they offer mobile communication services to users in different environments and for several significant purposes. In numerous conditions, have exclusive competences terms of broad coverage, robustness, broadcast, multicast capabilities. However, the implementation Land Satellite (LMS) still faces some limitations regarding connectivity stability, leading unreliable communication. Therefore, target this paper is...

Next-generation 5G cellular networks are expected to operate on the millimeter wavelength frequencies (e.g., 28 GHz and 38 GHz) offer broader bandwidths higher data rates. In this frequency band, rain is a major impairment received signal power. This work aims improve predictions of attenuation for wireless operating at in heavy regions, by exploiting three years raindrop size distribution (DSD) collected Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The specific calculated means point matching technique each...

This work investigates the physical characteristics of raindrop size distribution (DSD) in an equatorial heavy rain region based on three years disdrometer observations carried out at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia’s (UTM’s) campus Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The natural DSD are deduced, and statistical results found to be accordance with findings obtained from others measurements. Moreover, parameters Gamma normalized model also derived by means method moment (MoM) maximum likelihood estimation...

Summary In this paper, the synthetic storm technique (SST) is applied to 1‐minute rainfall rate collected from a rain gauge predict fade dynamics of signal in an earth‐to‐satellite link equatorial climate location without needs satellite beacon measurements. The obtained results are compared with statistics calculated measured attenuation and ITU recommendation model. As for duration, good agreement measurements has been found together significant improvement terms prediction errors respect...

The assessment of the variability rainfall characteristics in equatorial regions is a key problem estimating adequate fade margin due to rain attenuation satellite communication systems. Based on one year disdrometer data that have been collected Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, this paper investigates general raindrop size distribution (DSD) and dependence DSD. Its diurnal variation role critical diameter values estimation specific are also discussed. Preliminary results suggest links operating...

Satellite communication systems operating at high frequencies (Ka-band and above) are severely impaired by atmospheric phenomena, particularly in tropical equatorial regions, where the climatic characteristics affect several propagation parameters, including rain, cloud gaseous attenuation, fade duration, slope, sky noise emission site diversity gain.

This work investigates fade dynamics of satellite communication systems in equatorial heavy rain region based on a one year Ku-band propagation measurement campaign carried out Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia. First order statistics attenuation are deduced and the results found to be good agreement with those obtained from other beacon measurements gathered within same area (Kuala Lumpur). Moreover, duration slope signal variations also carefully derived subsequently...

This letter presents a new model for the prediction of 1-min integrated complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) rain rate, <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$P(R)_{1}$</tex></formula> , valid tropical and equatorial regions (specifically, latitudes ranging from 35 Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\rm S}$</tex> </formula> to N}$</tex></formula> ). The proposed inherits its...

Tropical and equatorial region exhibits significantly higher rainfall rate with regard to temperate leading extreme attenuation for satellite communication links. One relevant issue radiowave propagation modeling in this particular is the different structures of precipitation which play an important role estimating rain fade. To aim, investigation characteristics 0°C isotherm height Malaysia derived from radar on-board TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) has been carried out. In fact,...

In satellite communications, the demand for capacity increase is met by use of higher frequency bands, which however are severely impaired atmospheric phenomena (rain, cloud and gaseous attenuation, scintillation). order to study propagation effects future communication frequencies both in temperate tropical climates, JOANNEUM RESEARCH carries out two long-term measurement campaigns, one Europe with Alphasat Aldo Paraboni payload at Ka-band (19.7 GHz) Q-band (39.4 GHz), another sites region...

&lt;p&gt;The increasing use of millimeter wave frequency bands requires a good understanding the atmospheric channel. In equatorial regions, rain plays central role in impairment propagation. Using large amounts precise data collected by two-dimensional video distrometer Malaysia, rain-specific attenuation both vertically and horizontally polarized waves at 38 GHz was computed applying T-matrix technique. Good agreement is observed between these computations fitted power law models from...

The evolution of wireless networks from the first to fourth generation has made smart devices and technologies a significant part our daily activities. 5G network is ground-breaking technology that proposes transform way individuals use internet, via creation enabling atmosphere. promises faster superior quality with better security guarantee in comparison preceding technologies. software defined networking (SDN) on other hand an needed actualise huge network. With extensive 5G, centralised...

Satellite communication systems operating at frequencies above 10 GHz are often subject to deep fades due rain attenuation. One of the cost-effective countermeasures that can be used counteract severe attenuation is time diversity. In this paper, performance diversity investigated based on a one-year, Ku-band propagation measurement campaign carried out in heavy region. The results found show gain increases as function delay. compared with prediction obtained by applying Stratiform...

Objective: Cognitive radio technology allows the opportunistic usage of licensed spectrum resources by unlicensed users. The most important function cognitive is sensing. In hidden node scenarios, cooperation among nodes needed to improve sensing performance. this work, benefits cooperative are illustrated in a environment. Methods/Statistical Analysis: distributed approach was adopted for implementation. Universal Software Radio Peripheral used collecting data and results were analysed...

&lt;p&gt;5G wireless network technology is going operate within the environment of other electrical, electronic and electromagnetic devices, components systems, with capability high speed data connectivity acting as transceiver stations Massive MIMO for Internet Things (IoT). Considering level interoperability, Interference compatibility to avoid pulse effects (EMP) which capable not only causing malfunctions but total devices equipments failure in mission critical operations, like hospital...

SUMMARY Radio wave propagation plays a very important part in the design and eventually dictates performance of space communication systems. Over time, requirements satellite have grown extensively where higher capacity communications systems are needed. Escalating demands microwave millimetre causing frequency spectrum congestion. Hence, existing future system operators planning to employ bands well above 10 GHz. The challenge operating at such high frequencies for purposes is that there...