Next-generation 5G cellular networks are expected to operate on the millimeter wavelength frequencies (e.g., 28 GHz and 38 GHz) offer broader bandwidths higher data rates. In this frequency band, rain is a major impairment received signal power. This work aims improve predictions of attenuation for wireless operating at in heavy regions, by exploiting three years raindrop size distribution (DSD) collected Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The specific calculated means point matching technique each...

This work investigates the physical characteristics of raindrop size distribution (DSD) in an equatorial heavy rain region based on three years disdrometer observations carried out at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia’s (UTM’s) campus Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The natural DSD are deduced, and statistical results found to be accordance with findings obtained from others measurements. Moreover, parameters Gamma normalized model also derived by means method moment (MoM) maximum likelihood estimation...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communications have received considerable attention in recent years as it can be applied to a wide range of applications. To expedite this development, is essential able model and accurately predict the wireless channels UAV communication. Thus, paper, we compare various state-of-the-art empirical large-scale path loss models provide quantitative insights into these models. Based on operating frequency, environment, horizontal distance, altitude, recommend...

Rain attenuation prediction models at millimetre wavelengths require rain rate averaged over one minute. Currently available tipping bucket gauges often only provide the number of tips per minute (or a directly related quantity). In this reported work, performance new algorithm devised to estimate from data gathered with such gauges, when used for propagation application, is investigated. To purpose, an extensive database collected period ten years exploited. It concluded that, even though...

Summary In this paper, the synthetic storm technique (SST) is applied to 1‐minute rainfall rate collected from a rain gauge predict fade dynamics of signal in an earth‐to‐satellite link equatorial climate location without needs satellite beacon measurements. The obtained results are compared with statistics calculated measured attenuation and ITU recommendation model. As for duration, good agreement measurements has been found together significant improvement terms prediction errors respect...

Satellite communication systems operating at high frequencies (Ka-band and above) are severely impaired by atmospheric phenomena, particularly in tropical equatorial regions, where the climatic characteristics affect several propagation parameters, including rain, cloud gaseous attenuation, fade duration, slope, sky noise emission site diversity gain.

This work investigates fade dynamics of satellite communication systems in equatorial heavy rain region based on a one year Ku-band propagation measurement campaign carried out Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia. First order statistics attenuation are deduced and the results found to be good agreement with those obtained from other beacon measurements gathered within same area (Kuala Lumpur). Moreover, duration slope signal variations also carefully derived subsequently...

Monitoring current supplies to light emitting diode (LED) luminaires is one of the reliability tests performed manually. Bluetooth (HC-05) embedded digital ammeter was proposed acquire currents a badge LED products and hence, quality can be assured. Android App designed remotely record different models checking if measured within allowed range. The data further analysed control produced. pass fail-current range set in for alerting abnormal by operator. Therefore, IOT will help monitoring...

Satellite communication systems operating at frequencies above 10 GHz are often subject to deep fades due rain attenuation. One of the cost-effective countermeasures that can be used counteract severe attenuation is time diversity. In this paper, performance diversity investigated based on a one-year, Ku-band propagation measurement campaign carried out in heavy region. The results found show gain increases as function delay. compared with prediction obtained by applying Stratiform...

Heavy precipitation severely degrades the performance of satellite communication systems operating at frequencies higher than 10 GHz. For implementation effective countermeasures, rain attenuation statistics are needed, second order in particular. Here, characteristics fade slope extensively investigated, exploiting one year Ku‐band measurements collected Malaysia .

<span>The available fire alarm system in the market unable to inform occupant that their house is on fire. The remains unknown especially when they are away from house. Most of time, or building almost destroyed by firefighter comes scene due late Fire and Rescue Department. To this aim, automatic smoke detection system</span><span lang="EN"> using Internet Things (IoT) proposed. proposed not only able monitor condition a room but also alert user Department certain level...

Tropospheric scintillation is referred to rapid fluctuation of received signal amplitude. It can cause propagation impairments that affect satellite communication systems operating at above 10 GHz frequency. In this work, we have exploited 1 year measured broadcasting data collected in Johor, Malaysia investigate the effects intensity on a SatCom system 11.075 with its links pointed towards MEASAT-1 (an elevation angle 75.61°). We investigated behavior amplitude through classification and...

Knowledge of the dynamics characteristics rain fade is important for satellite communication (SatCom) system designs since it determines availability as well provides essential information implementation Propagation Impairment Mitigation Techniques (PIMTs). In particular, interfade duration due to - appear one crucial parameter provide estimation requirements recover in time before next outage. fact, this even much more critical tropical/equatorial region and at high frequencies (Ku-band...

This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between ground wind direction and seasonal variation of rain attenuation based on one year weather station data recorded in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia. Preliminary analysis monsoon their impact field advection are carried out clarify characteristics season. It found that not only affected by but it also depends which can be preliminary identified from direction. Such information useful for system operators apply...

This contribution investigates precipitation characteristics in Southern peninsular Malaysia, by exploiting local meteorological measurements. Several peculiar of are derived from one year tipping bucket rain gauge Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru. Stratiform and convective types investigated based on monthly distribution, several rate distributions compared for few locations; moreover, we present the statistics seasonal diurnal variations rainfall as well intensity....

In the design of satellite communication link, rain attenuation statistics is essential information for system designer to realistically determine link availability and provide means combat degradation. Due limitation available measured data in equatorial regions especially high frequencies (Ka-band above), prediction model best way obtain statistics. This paper presents statistical analysis at Ka-band by applying Stratiform Convective-Synthetic Storm Technique (SC-SST) taking advantage from...

This paper aims to present a statistical analysis on inter-fade interval in equatorial heavy rain region based one year of Ku-band propagation measurement campaign carried out Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia. We first the attenuation statistic from both temperate and tropical (equatorial) followed by intervals for different thresholds as well their diurnal variation. Statistical knowledge has significant impact designing earth-to-satellite communication system.

Advanced satellite communication or modern wireless systems operate at high frequencies will suffer from deep signal fades caused by rain particularly in equatorial region. Meteorological radar operates MET department is one of the valuable resources to provide peculiarities local precipitation information oriented analysis radio propagation impairments. In this paper, processing methodology and interpretation procedure operational weather data are presented perspective such application. The...

Abstract Advanced telecommunication systems are moving toward a high data transfer rate and wider bandwidth. The 5G communication network has recently been implemented for such aims. However, networks operating with frequency (typically above 20 GHz) could lead to impairments because of the atmospheric phenomena mainly precipitation especially heavy rain. To address this, an optimum rain fade margin in Peninsular Malaysia is proposed using 77 sites rain-gauge network, which convert 1-h 1-min...

Fade dynamics is one of more important parameters when implementing Mitigation Techniques (FMTs) to counteract an excessive attenuation that affect satellite communication systems operating above 10 GHz. The statistics probable duration between two rain fade namely interfade enables system operator estimate how long the will need recover before next outage and assist in designing FMTs. In this paper, have been derived from year slant path measurements data collected Equatorial Johor Bahru at...

This work evaluates the spatial features of synthetic rain cell profile based on two years real cells database extracted from weather radar observation located in Kluang, Johor, Malaysia. Single modeled by an analytical exponential and Gaussian are evaluated investigated certain such as maximum rate root mean square inside a single cell. Preliminary results indicate with shape factor k 1 best represents single-peaked structures this particularly heavy area. However, validity rely highly...