In the present study, we used a surface-science approach to establish functional link between activity and stability of monometallic oxides during OER in acidic media. We found that most active (Au ≪ Pt < Ir Ru Os) are, fact, least stable ≫ > materials. suggest relationships are controlled by both nobility as well density surface defects. This functionality is governed nature metal cations potential transformation cation with valence state n = +4 unstable +4. A practical consequence such...

Abstract The methods used to improve catalytic activity are well‐established, however elucidating the factors that simultaneously control and stability is still lacking, especially for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Here, by studying fundamental links between of well‐characterized monometallic bimetallic oxides, we found there generally an inverse relationship stability. To overcome this limitation, developed a new synthesis strategy based on tuning near‐surface composition Ru Ir...

The selection of oxide materials for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction in acid-based electrolyzers must be guided by proper balance between activity, stability and conductivity-a challenging mission great importance delivering affordable environmentally friendly hydrogen. Here we report that highly conductive nanoporous architecture an iridium shell on a metallic core, formed through fast dealloying osmium from Ir25Os75 alloy, exhibits exceptional activity as quantified...

Abstract Chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a critical anode in chlor-alkali electrolysis. Although precious metal-based mixed metal oxides (MMOs) have been widely used as CER catalysts, they suffer from the concomitant generation of oxygen during CER. Herein, we demonstrate that atomically dispersed Pt−N 4 sites doped on carbon nanotube (Pt 1 /CNT) can catalyse with excellent activity and selectivity. The Pt /CNT catalyst shows superior to nanoparticle-based commercial Ru/Ir-based MMO...

Developing efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline water electrolysis plays a key role renewable energy technology. The slow kinetics of HER solutions, however, has hampered advances high-performance production. Herein, we investigated trends activity with respect to binding energies Ni-based thin film catalysts by incorporating series oxophilic transition metal atoms. It was found that doping atoms enables modulation abilities...

A spatial confiment of polysulfides using the metal compound additives having polar surfaces has been considered to be a promising approach address insufficient rate capability and cyclability lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, we report more effective outperforming this conventional one: heterogeneous catalysis promote polysulfide fragmentations. It was revealed combined computational experimental approaches that an ultrastrong adsorption elemental sulfur on TiN resulted in spontaenous...

Atomically dispersed precious metal catalysts have emerged as a frontier in catalysis. However, robust, generic synthetic strategy toward atomically is still lacking, which has limited systematic studies revealing their general catalytic trends distinct from those of conventional nanoparticle (NP)-based catalysts. Herein, we report catalysts, consists "trapping" precursors on heteroatom-doped carbonaceous layer coated carbon support and "immobilizing" them with SiO2 during thermal...

As a new class of materials, implantable flexible electrical conductors have recently been developed and applied to bioelectronics. An ideal conductor requires high conductivity, tissue-like mechanical properties, low toxicity, reliable adhesion biological tissues, the ability maintain its shape in wet physiological environments. Despite significant advances, that satisfy all these requirements are insufficient. Herein, facile method for manufacturing conductive hydrogels through...

Abstract Recently, the cost of lithium-ion batteries has risen as price lithium raw materials soared and fluctuated. Notably, highest production comes from impurity elimination process to satisfy battery-grade purity over 99.5%. Consequently, re-evaluating impact becomes imperative for affordable batteries. In this study, we unveil that a 1% Mg in precursor proves beneficial both electrochemical performance resulting cathodes. This is attributed increased nucleation seeds unexpected...

Lattice volume changes in Li-ion batteries active materials are unavoidable during electrochemical cycling, posing significant engineering challenges from the particle to electrode level. In this study, we present an elastic framework coating designed absorb and reversibly release strain energy associated with changes, thereby enhancing mechanical resilience at both levels. This framework, composed of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), is applied nickel-rich LiNi

Bond formation between single Pt atoms and surface thiol groups is the result of reduction a precursor in presence surface-thiolated carbon nanotubes. By setting temperature following heat treatment, finely size-controlled monodispersed clusters were obtained from dispersed (see picture).

Design of highly active nanoscale catalysts for electro-oxidation small organic molecules is great importance to the development efficient fuel cells. Increasing steps on single-crystal Pt surfaces shown enhance activity CO and methanol up several orders magnitude. However, little known about surface atomic structure nanoparticles with sizes practical relevance, which limits application fundamental understanding in reaction mechanisms established active, catalysts. In this study, we reveal...

To enhance its pseudocapacitance, ruthenium oxide must be formed with a hydrated amorphous and porous structure small size, because this provides large surface area forms conduction paths for protons to easily access even the inner part of RuO2. In study, we report that highly dispersed RuO2 nanoparticles could obtained on carboxylated carbon nanotubes. This achieved by preventing agglomeration among bond formation between carboxyl groups Highly nanotubes showed an increased capacitance,...

Abstract An ordered mesoporous tungsten‐oxide/carbon (denoted as m‐WO 3− x ‐C‐s) nanocomposite is synthesized using a simple one‐pot method polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐ b ‐PEO) structure‐directing agent. The hydrophilic PEO interacts with the carbon and tungsten precursors (resol polymer WCl 6 ), PS converted to pores after heating at 700 °C under nitrogen flow. ‐C‐s has high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area hexagonally pores. Because of its structure intrinsic...

Since one of the main drawbacks Li4Ti5O12 as a negative-electrode material is its low electronic conductivity, several researchers have attempted to improve conductivity by narrowing band gap through transition-metal doping. Herein, we report another, more significant effect doping in addition narrowing, namely, an anomalous decrease structural disorder upon Cr3+-ion Although it generally recognized that with heterogeneous elements increases disorder, demonstrated unexpected phenomenon. From...

Mo-doped TiNb2O7 (TNO) anode material has shown excellent electrochemical performance, especially at high C-rates. Doping TNO with Mo(6+) resulted in charge redistribution, leading to the enhancement of electronic conductivity (caused by bandgap narrowing) and Li(+) diffusivity lattice.

Ag is considered to be among the most promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media and suitable application various electrochemical energy devices such as metal–air batteries fuel cells. In this study, we studied role of electronic effects induced by strong metal support interactions Ag/Mn3O4/C enhancing ORR activity media. supported on Mn3O4 showed a much higher than carbon, an upshift d-band center was observed former case, due charge transfer from Mn....

Gold is known currently as the most active single-element electrocatalyst for CO2 electroreduction reaction to CO. In this work, we combine Au with a second metal element, Cu, reduce amount of precious content by increasing surface-to-mass ratio and achieve comparable activity Au-based catalysts. particular, demonstrate that introduction Au-Cu bifunctional "interface" more beneficial than simple conventional homogeneous alloying Cu in stabilizing key intermediate species, *COOH. The main...

Abstract Mesoporous metal oxides consisting of fully interconnected network structures with small pores (20–50 nm) have high surface areas and decreased ion intercalation distances, making them ideal for use in high-performance electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSs). Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), which combines sol–gel chemistry molecular self-assembly, is a powerful method the fabrication mesoporous through solution phase synthesis. Herein, we introduce ultrafast sub-1 s ECSs...

Growing the hydrogen economy requires improving stability, efficiency, and economic value of water-splitting technology, which uses an intermittent power supply from renewable energy sources. Alkaline water electrolysis systems face a daunting challenge in terms stabilizing production under condition transient start-up/shut-down operation. Herein, we present simple but effective solution for electrode degradation problem induced by reverse-current based on fundamental understanding mechanism...

Despite the adverse effects of H2 bubbles adhering to catalyst's surface on performance water electrolysis, mechanisms by which are effectively released during alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remain elusive. In this study, a systematic investigation effect nanoscale morphologies bubble release behaviors and HER employing earth-abundant Ni catalysts consisting an array nanorods (NRs) with controlled porosities is performed. Both aerophobicity hydrophilicity vary according porosity...

Startup and shutdown (SU/SD) events in automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells cause an unintended oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to the mixing of air anode, leading instantaneous potential jumps subsequent carbon corrosion cathode. Here, a selective electrocatalysis method for hydrogen oxidation (HOR) is presented as promising approach inhibiting ORR preventing cathodic during SU/SD events. Platinum (Pt) supported on titanium dioxide (TiO2) demonstrated HOR-selective...