Carthage played an important role in maritime exchange networks during the Roman and late antique periods. One hundred ten glass fragments dating to third sixth centuries CE from a secondary deposit at Yasmina Necropolis have been analysed by electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) characterise supply of city. Detailed bivariate multivariate data identified different primary groups revealed evidence extensive recycling. mixed antimony manganese glasses with MnO contents excess 250 ppm were...

Compositional data of archaeological glasses offer an opportunity to trace the movement materials in ancient and medieval world. The lack a comprehensive record well-dated samples from Egypt, one major producers glass throughout first millennium CE, has limited systematic application chronological geographical model. Here, we report LA-ICP-MS results Islamic weights stamps Egypt that provide precise high temporal resolution compositions Abd al-Malik's monetary reform 697 CE year 1020 CE....

Prior to the eighteenth century, cobalt was exclusively employed as a colouring agent for vitreous materials, and its use appears be concurrent with earliest large-scale production of glass during Late Bronze Age (LBA). LBA deposits distinctive elemental signature have been identified in oases western Egyptian desert, while mines Kashan (Iran) Erzgebirge (Germany) are known exploited later Middle Ages. For most first millennium BCE CE, however, identity sources their supply patterns remain...

We present compositional data for nearly 100 glass samples from Pergamon, western Turkey, spanning 1500 years the Hellenistic to Late Byzantine and Islamic periods. The shows use of already-known Roman groups during first half time frame, imported vessels as well locally worked glass. No change is seen related introduction blowing either in this time. During 1st millennium AD, two previously little-known boron- alumina-rich emerge. These groups, thought be regionally produced, dominate...

Glass manufacturing processes and recipes changed fundamentally after the 8th century CE. The earlier centralised production system diversified, primary sites multiplied, scale of individual productions contracted. Mineral soda was no longer used instead replaced by plant ash as main network modifier, affecting chemical composition properties glass. In this work, LA-ICP-MS Raman spectroscopy were to investigate compositional structural characteristics 68 glass fragments recovered during...

The chemical characterisation of archaeological glass allows the discrimination between different groups and identification raw materials technological traditions their production. Several lines evidence point towards large-scale production first millennium CE in a limited number making factories from mixture Egyptian mineral soda locally available silica source. Fundamental changes manufacturing processes occurred eight/ninth century onwards, when was gradually replaced by soda-rich plant...

136 glasses from the ninth-century monastery of San Vincenzo and its workshops have been analysed by electron microprobe in order to situate assemblage within first millennium CE glass making tradition. The majority compositions can be paralleled Roman third centuries, with very few samples consistent later compositional groups. Colours for trailed decoration on vessels, vessel bodies sheet windows were largely produced melting tesserae old mosaics. Some weakly-coloured transparent was...

One hundred and forty-one glass fragments from medieval Ciudad de Vascos (Toledo, Spain) were analysed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The glasses fall into three types according to the fluxing agents used: mineral natron, soda-rich plant ash, a combination of soda ash lead. natron can be assigned various established primary production groups eastern Mediterranean provenance. Different indicate differences in silica source as well component,...

The understanding of the glass trade in first millennium CE relies on characterisation well-dated compositional groups and identification their primary production sites. 275 Byzantine weights from British Museum Bibliothèque nationale de France dating to sixth seventh century were analysed by LA-ICP-MS. Multivariate statistical graphical data analysis discriminated between six main types. Primary sources differentiated based multi-dimensional comparison silica-derived elements (MgO, Al2O3,...

Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate between 836 and 892 CE, palace-city Samarra offers a precise window into early Islamic art architecture. Excavations conducted more than 100 years ago are seen as beginnings scientific archaeology, have yielded an exceptional array finds including wealth glass artefacts. The chemical composition reflects nature raw materials their geological provenance can therefore reveal past technologies economic cultural interactions. Through high-resolution analysis...

Significance The Islamic conquest of the Mediterranean has long been associated with fundamental geopolitical and economic transformations that sundered medieval world from antiquity. An eighth- to ninth-century glass assemblage Cordoba provides new insights into processes technological innovation, adaptation, dissemination contingent on specific historical environment. Its compositional characteristics reveal mechanisms underlying development a glassmaking tradition that, based lead isotope...

Abstract Stained‐glass windows are often painted with grisailles and enamels. These glassy materials have a low melting temperature fixed to the base glass by firing processes. Lead and/or boron commonly added painting material lower their so that they can melt without deforming support. In present study, model samples (with well‐known content), replica historical were analysed for composition using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) Induced Breakdown...

This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of glass compositions from Visigothic Spain using high resolution laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Major, minor and trace element patterns 169 well-dated samples three rural Iberian sites (Congosto, Gózquez El Pelícano) have brought to light major chronological developments in production, circulation use between fifth eighth century CE. The data identify four distinct compositional groups Egyptian...

The trade of glass beads has long been assumed to have under Islamic dominance during the early centuries following Arab conquest Middle East, judged by prevalence in archaeological contexts from Viking Scandinavia medieval Morocco. This paper explores impact Byzantine-Slavic transition on use and extension Balkans seventh ninth century CE. A series 48 4 vessel fragments two excavated sites modern day Albania analysed morphologically, technologically chemically LA-ICP-MS. seventh-century...

Previous research has shown that Iznik glazes are characterized by low potash and magnesia contents. It was therefore suggested the flux used either a purified plant ash or some unidentified mineral source of soda. More recently, as result detection small, but significant, amounts boron lithium in Byzantine glasses from western Turkey, which also exhibit contents, it been soda-rich evaporite associated way with extensive borax deposits region. LA–ICP–MS to establish contain similarly small...

Excavations at the Roman villa of Noheda (Spain) revealed remains an exceptionally elaborate fourth-century floor mosaic that contains a surprisingly large number glass tesserae, representing broad spectrum colors. This paper presents results chemical (LA-ICP-MS) and microstructural analyses (SEM-EDS, XRPD) 420 tesserae from these mosaics. The high data allowed us to establish compositional variability elucidate questions supply in relation large-scale artistic campaign. were almost...

Fifth‐ to seventh‐century window glass fragments from the Petra Church in Jordan were analysed by EPMA and spectrophotometry characterize their optical properties chemical composition. The objective of this study was determine provenance raw secondary production procedures window‐panes. Judging material evidence, both crown window‐panes possibly rectangular samples produced through glass‐blowing techniques. data show that assemblage forms a homogeneous group soda–lime–silica Levantine I...

There is substantial archaeological evidence to suggest that glass mosaics were ubiquitous throughout late antique and Byzantine Asia Minor. However, issues about the manufacture of tesserae, diffusion their technology economic implications have been little discussed. This paper presents results analytical technological investigation 28 fragments from Kilise Tepe (Cilicia, Turkey), including 22 3 gilded plaques 1 fragment a window, vessel an ingot. The samples analysed by EPMA, LA-ICP-MS...