A5028082598- Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Building materials and conservation
- Archaeological Research and Protection
- Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
- Archaeology and Historical Studies
- Historical and Cultural Archaeology Studies
- Conservation Techniques and Studies
- Archaeology and Rock Art Studies
- Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
- Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies
- Mineralogy and Gemology Studies
- Eurasian Exchange Networks
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Historical and Archaeological Studies
- Ancient Near East History
- Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction
- Metal Extraction and Bioleaching
- Chinese history and philosophy
- Latin American history and culture
- Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Architecture and Cultural Influences
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
Cyprus Institute
2017-2024
Museum of London Archaeology
2010-2023
University College London
2014-2023
Hamad bin Khalifa University
2012-2018
Institute of Archaeology
2002-2018
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
2018
Institute of Archaeology
2018
University College London Qatar
2010-2017
Qatar University
2014-2016
Qatar Airways (Qatar)
2015
Abstract For forty years, there has been a widely held belief that over 2,000 years ago the Chinese Qin developed an advanced chromate conversion coating technology (CCC) to prevent metal corrosion. This was based on detection of chromium traces surface bronze weapons buried with Terracotta Army, and same weapons’ very good preservation. We analysed weapons, lacquer soils from site, conducted experimental replications CCC accelerated ageing. Our results show presence is correlated artefact...
Bronze is the defining metal of European Age and has been at center archaeological science-based research for well over a century. Archaeometallurgical studies have largely focused on determining geological origin constituent metals, copper tin, their movement from producer to consumer sites. More recently, effects recycling, both temporal spatial, composition circulating stock received much attention. Also, discussions value perception bronze, as individual objects hoarded material,...
Research over the last few decades has greatly enhanced our understanding of production and distribution glass across time space, resulting in an almost kaleidoscopically colourful complex picture. We now recognise several major 'families' composition, including plant-ash based Late Bronze Age Egypt Mesopotamia, Islamic World; mineral natron Greek, Roman Byzantine Empires; mineral-based lead- lead–barium Han period China medieval Europe; wood-ash ash-lime Europe. Other groups include a...
Abstract
The earliest known iron artefacts are nine small beads securely dated to circa 3200 BC, from two burials in Gerzeh, northern Egypt. We show that these were made meteoritic iron, and shaped by careful hammering the metal into thin sheets before rolling them tubes. study demonstrates ability of neutron X-ray methods determine nature material even after complete corrosion metal. strung a necklace together with other exotic minerals such as lapis lazuli, gold carnelian, revealing status special...
We present compositional data for nearly 100 glass samples from Pergamon, western Turkey, spanning 1500 years the Hellenistic to Late Byzantine and Islamic periods. The shows use of already-known Roman groups during first half time frame, imported vessels as well locally worked glass. No change is seen related introduction blowing either in this time. During 1st millennium AD, two previously little-known boron- alumina-rich emerge. These groups, thought be regionally produced, dominate...
Eighty-seven glass fragments from Roman and Late Antique layers at Tell Basta/Bubastis in the Eastern Nile Delta were typologically evaluated chemically analysed to determine chronological compositional patterns of use this important Egyptian city, how relates larger pattern production consumption first half millennium AD. Bubastis is situated geographical proximity Alexandria, an seaport, same time close raw areas Wadi Natrun Sinai peninsula. This paper reports substantial set data a...
The site of Igbo Olokun on the northern periphery Ile-Ife has been recognized as a glass-working workshop for over century. Its glass-encrusted crucibles and beads were viewed evidence secondary processing imported glass until high lime, alumina (HLHA) composition was unique to region. Archaeological excavations conducted at recovered more than twelve thousand several kilograms debris. Fifty-two from excavated assemblage analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry...
It has been uncertain whether the glass produced during Late Bronze Age (LBA) originated in Egypt or Mesopotamia. Here we present evidence for production of from its raw materials eastern Nile Delta LBA. Glass was made workshops that were separate where objects took place. The initial melting to semi-finished done at temperatures 900 degrees 950 C, followed by coloration and ingot 1000 1100 C.
Fragmentary glass-working crucibles, drawn glass beads and ritual objects (aje ileke) from Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria, were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), probe microanalysis (EPMA) X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The very unusual high-lime, high-alumina lining the crucibles matched composition of dark blue some green fragments in aje ileke. Similar crucible fragments, cullet recovered during Frank Willett's excavations (1956-63) two sites Claire Davison's unpublished...
Archaeometallurgy is one of the earliest manifestations archaeometric research, using science‐based approaches to address cultural–historical questions. This review first outlines extent field, defining in some detail main branches archaeometallurgy, and their specific methodological approaches. It then looks at early publications pioneering archaeometallurgical set scene for publication pattern archaeometallurgy general, role that Archaeometry played publishing research. The analysis...
This paper presents direct archaeological evidence for the primary production of glass at LBA site Tell el-Amarna, in form numerous finds semi-finished glass. The diagnostic microstructural and chemical composition these is presented alongside macroscopically similar finds, shapeless lumps finished white was found to contain inclusions residual quartz newly formed lime-rich crystal phases, but no added colorant. However, several samples have antimony oxide levels comparable those glass,...
The earliest tin bronze artefacts in Eurasia are generally believed to have appeared the Near East early third millennium BC. Here we present that occur far from East, and a significantly earlier period. Excavations at Pločnik, Vinča culture site Serbia, recovered piece of foil an occupation layer dated mid fifth discovery prompted reassessment 14 insufficiently contextualised Balkans. They too were found derive smelting copper-tin ores. These bronzes extend record making by c . 1500 years,...
Analysis of metal objects with portable and handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has become increasingly popular in recent years. Here, methodological concerns that apply to non-destructive, surface examination XRF instruments ancient artefacts are discussed based on the comparative analyses a set copper-based by means (pXRF) electron probe microanalyser (EPMA). The analytical investigation aims explore issues instrument comparability reliability non-invasive pXRF results. different...
Structure-from-motion and multiview-stereo together offer a computer vision technique for reconstructing detailed 3D models from overlapping images of anything large landscapes to microscopic features. Because such can be generated ordinary photographs taken with standard cameras in lighting conditions, these techniques are revolutionising digital recording analysis archaeology related subjects as palaeontology, museum studies art history. However, most published treatments so far have...
A group of finds (vessels, raw glass chunks, window panes) from three sites in present-day Bulgaria was selected as representative the circulation and usage Lower Danube region during 6th c. AD. In total, 79 samples were analysed by EPMA and/or LA-ICP-MS techniques. The data quality assessed for each analytical run according to measurement reference glasses pairs results obtained archaeological both Combining allowed a sufficiently consistent unified set primary be formed. As already...