A5010259094- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Nuclear physics research studies
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
- Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions
- Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
- Magnetic Properties and Applications
- Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
- Machine Learning in Materials Science
- Radioactive element chemistry and processing
- Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
- Radiation Shielding Materials Analysis
- Extraction and Separation Processes
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Advanced Materials Characterization Techniques
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research
2016-2025
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
2012-2024
Budapest Neutron Centre
2016-2023
Musée d'Art et d'Histoire
2016
Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety
2013-2014
Institute for Atomic Energy Research
2013
Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
2003-2012
HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research
2010
Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
2008-2010
Institut de Chimie
2010
Abstract Discussed are the recent experimental and theoretical results on palladium‐based catalysts for selective hydrogenation of alkynes obtained by a number collaborating groups in joint multi‐method multi‐material approach. The critical modification catalytically active Pd surfaces incorporation foreign species X into sub‐surface metal was observed situ spectroscopy X=H, C under conditions. Under certain conditions (low H 2 partial pressure) alkyne fragmentation leads to formation PdC...
Rationally designed RuO2-based Deacon catalysts can contribute to massive energy saving compared the current electrolysis process in chemically recycling HCl produce molecular chlorine. Here, we report on our integrated approach between state-of-the-art experiments and calculations. The aim is understand industrial catalyst its realistic surface state derive mechanistic insights into this sustainable reaction. We show that practically relevant RuO2/SnO2 consists of two major RuO2...
The role of trivalent (La, Sm, Gd, and Y) tetravalent (Hf, Zr, Ti) dopants in the catalytic, structural, electronic properties ceria was investigated. Promoted catalysts were synthesized by coprecipitation with ammonia tested HCl CO oxidation. Ceria exhibit a medium high reactivity excellent stability intrinsic oxidation can be improved factor 2 when doping Hf Zr appropriate quantities, whereas are detrimental. Although both reactions rely on existence oxygen vacancies, order is not...
The earliest known iron artefacts are nine small beads securely dated to circa 3200 BC, from two burials in Gerzeh, northern Egypt. We show that these were made meteoritic iron, and shaped by careful hammering the metal into thin sheets before rolling them tubes. study demonstrates ability of neutron X-ray methods determine nature material even after complete corrosion metal. strung a necklace together with other exotic minerals such as lapis lazuli, gold carnelian, revealing status special...
In this paper we present results from measurements of prompt $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays the thermal neutron induced fission ${}^{235}$U. Photons were measured in coincidence with fragments cerium-doped LaCl${}_{3}$ and LaBr${}_{3}$ as well CeBr${}_{3}$ scintillation detectors, which offer an intriguing combination excellent timing resolution good resolving power. The spectra all employed detectors are agreement respect to their shapes. Characteristic parameters extracted for a...
A comprehensive, bottoms-up characterization of two the most widely used biomedical Ti-containing alloys, NiTi and β-Ti, was carried out applying a novel combination neutron diffraction, prompt-gamma activation, surface morphology, thermal analysis mechanical tests, to relate composition, microstructure physical-chemical-mechanical properties unknown processing history. The commercial specimens studied are rectangular (0.43 × 0.64 mm~0.017 0.025 inch) wires, in both pre-formed U-shape...
Selective alkyne hydrogenation in the presence of carbon−carbon double bond compounds, for which Pd is an excellent catalyst, a strategically important large-scale industrial process. Although palladium, functionality and structure are closely interrelated, knowledge insufficient as interaction with chemical environment causes drastic compositional changes near subsurface region: while unselective proceeds β-hydride phase, selective can be achieved only near-surface Pd−C phase. Here, we show...
AbstractAbstractA measurement of the 235U prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS) was performed at Budapest Nuclear Research Reactor 100 K incident energy. The motivation for this investigation to verify some literature data measured over past 20 years that contradict Los Alamos model, as well integral data, benchmark (Keff) experiments, and recent spectral taken 0.5 MeV spectra using three detectors are in excellent agreement with each other. average confirms within error bars energy range...
<title>Abstract</title> The Institute of Space Systems is currently developing a deorbit module based on thermal arcjet technology to allow fast orbit decay at end-of-life with focus mega constellation satellites. By employing additive manufacturing tungsten, improved nozzle geometries can lead gain in overall performance. However, reproducibility an ongoing concern for manufactured parts. Together the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) and Budapest Neutron Centre Energy Research, study was...
The two structural modifications of Cu60Pd40 were synthesized as bulk powders and tested unsupported model catalysts in the semi-hydrogenation acetylene. partly ordered low-temperature modification (CsCl type structure) showed an outstanding ethylene selectivity >90% over 20 h on stream while disordered high-temperature (Cu was 20% less selective, indicating influence degree order crystal structure catalytic properties. results are supported by XRD situ XPS experiments. latter suggest...
The concrete microstructure was successfully reconstructed using the complementarity of X-ray and neutron computed tomography (CT). Neither tomogram alone found to be suitable properly describe under this study. However, by merging information revealed two modalities, image segmentation, noise reduction, registration techniques we reconstruct microstructure. Void, aggregate, cement paste phases are captured down images' spatial resolution, even though aggregate consists multiple minerals....
The dipole strength function and the nuclear level density of compound nucleus ${}^{78}$Se were studied in a combined analysis cold neutron capture experiment on ${}^{77}$Se performed at research reactor Budapest photon-scattering electron linear accelerator ELBE with bremsstrahlung produced kinetic energy $11.5\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$. In we developed extreme statistical code $\ensuremath{\gamma}$dex for simulation radiative cascade deexcitations occurring...
In this paper we present results from the first high-precision prompt-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectral measurements reaction $^{241}\mathrm{Pu}$(${n}_{\mathrm{th}}$, $f$). Apart one recent experiment, no data are reported in literature for fissioning system, which motivated a new dedicated experiment. We have measured prompt-fission $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays with three cerium-doped $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{Br}}_{3}$ (two...
The neutron capture cross sections of the main uranium isotopes, (235)U and (238)U, were measured simultaneously for keV energies, first time by combining activation technique atom counting reaction products using accelerator mass spectrometry. New data, with a precision 3%-5%, obtained from mg-sized natural samples energies an equivalent Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution kT ∼ 25 broad energy peaking at 426 keV. cross-section ratio (235)U(n,γ)/(238)U(n,γ) can be deduced in spectrometry directly...
In this paper we present new results for prompt fission $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectral characteristics from the thermal neutron induced of $^{240}\mathrm{Pu}^{*}$. The measured spectra were unfolded by using detectors' response functions, simulated with geant4. We obtained in average per a multiplicity ${\overline{M}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=(7.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12)$, mean photon energy...
Abstract The product distribution in direct alkane functionalization by oxyhalogenation strongly depends on the halogen of choice. We demonstrate that superior selectivity to olefins over an iron phosphate catalyst oxychlorination is consequence a surface‐confined reaction. By contrast, oxybromination activation follows gas‐phase radical‐chain mechanism and yields mixture alkyl bromide, cracking, combustion products. Surface‐coverage analysis identification radicals operando mode are...