Quantum techniques can be used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in optical imaging. Leveraging latest advances single-photon avalanche diode array cameras and multiphoton detection techniques, here, we introduce a supersensitive phase imager, which uses space-polarization hyperentanglement operate over large field of view without need scanning operation. We show quantum-enhanced imaging birefringent nonbirefringent samples areas, with sensitivity improvements equivalent classical...

The ability to detect single photons is becoming an enabling key capability in increasing number of fields. Indeed, its scope not limited applications that specifically rely on photons, such as quantum imaging, but extends where a low signal overwhelmed by background light, laser ranging, or which faint excitation light required damage the sample harm patient. In last decades, SPADs gained popularity with respect other single-photon detectors thanks their small size, possibility be...

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) exploitation in high-flux applications is often hindered by the trade-off between SPAD dead-time and afterpulsing probability. In this paper, we present architecture experimental characterization of two chips including a novel sensing, readout scheme designed to minimize (1.78 ns 0.93 respectively) probability (0.14% maximum). We have coupled with high-performance SPADs obtaining an extremely stable (6.44 ps_rms jitter) that can be easily...

We present a novel architecture for multi-channel time-to-digital converters (TDCs) to be implemented into low-cost field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), achieving 10-ps least significant bit (LSB), 164- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> full-scale range, and good linearity both in terms of differential nonlinearity (DNL) integral (INL). The...

Spatiotemporal microscopy plays an important role in the quest for highly efficient light harvesting materials as it allows direct tracking of nanoscale transport excitons, carriers photon energy. Unfortunately, achieving high resolution both space and time often requires scanning beam spots or delay lines, limiting these techniques to specialized research groups. To overcome this problem, we introduce a novel implementation photoluminescence-detected exciton using camera composed array...

The ability to form reconstructions beyond line-of-sight view could be transformative in a variety of fields, including search and rescue, autonomous vehicle navigation, reconnaissance. Most existing active non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging methods use data collection steps which pulsed laser is directed at several points on relay surface, one time. prevailing approaches include raster scanning rectangular grid vertical wall opposite the volume interest generate confocal measurements. These...

Abstract Bell inequalities represent one of the cornerstones quantum foundations, and a fundamental tool for technologies. Although lot effort was put in exploring generalizing them, because wave function collapse it deemed impossible to estimate entire parameter from entangled pair, since this would involve measuring incompatible observables on same state. Conversely, here is reported first implementation new generation inequality tests, able extract value each pair and, at time, preserve...

In recent years, direct Time-of-Flight techniques have been exploited with single-photon detectors to provide long distance ranges and high-frame rates measurements. Detectors based on Silicon Photon Multipliers commonly collect repetitive laser shots reconstruct a histogram of the TOF returning pulsed-laser photons, so discriminate between signal, background light, detector noise. Instead performing multi-shot measurements, we propose single-shot technique capable just one useful per pulse,...

Quantum microscopy requires efficient detectors able to identify temporal correlations among photons. Photon coincidences are usually detected by postprocessing their timestamps measured means of time-to-digital converters (TDCs), through a time and power-consuming procedure, which impairs the overall system performance. In this article, we propose an innovative single-photon sensitive imager based on avalanche diodes (SPADs), signal coincident photon pairs along with position TDC-free,...

In this paper, we present the architecture and experimental characterization of an improved version a previously developed 32 × Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) array, two new arrays (with 8 128 1 pixels) with additional capability actively gating detectors sub-nanosecond rise time. The include high performance SPADs (0.04 cps/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , 50% peak PDE)...

Quantum correlations, like entanglement, represent the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics and pose essential issues challenges to interpretation this pillar modern physics. Although correlations are largely acknowledged as a major resource achieve advantage in many tasks technologies, their full quantitative description axiomatic basis underlying them still under investigation. Previous works have suggested that origin nonlocal is grounded principles capturing (from outside formalism)...

The ability to detect single photons is becoming an enabling key capability in increasing number of fields. Indeed, its scope not limited applications that specifically rely on photons, such as quantum imaging, but extends where a low signal overwhelmed by background light, laser ranging, or which faint excitation light required damage the sample harm patient. In last decades, SPADs gained popularity with respect other single-photon detectors thanks their small size, possibility be...

There is a growing interest in photoplethysmography (PPG) for the continuous monitoring of cardio-respiratory signals by portable instrumentation aimed at early diagnosis cardiovascular diseases. In this context, it conceivable that PPG sensors working different wavelengths simultaneously can optimize identification apneas and quantification associated heart-rate changes or other parameters depend on shape (e.g., systematic vascular resistance pressure), when evaluating severity breathing...

Advances in optical imaging always look for an increase sensitivity and resolution among other practicability aspects. Within the same scope, this work we report a versatile interference contrast technique, with high phase large field-of-view of several mm2. Sensitivity is increased through use self-imaging non-resonant cavity, which causes photons to probe sample multiple rounds before being detected, where configuration can be transmissive or reflective. Phase profiles resolved...

Facial skin segmentation is an important preliminary task in many applications, including remote PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (rPPG), which the problem of estimating heart activity a subject just by analyzing video their face. By selecting all subject's surface, more robust pulse signal could be extracted and analyzed order to provide accurate monitoring. Single-photon avalanche diode cameras have proven able achieve better results rPPG than traditional cameras. Although this kind produces photon...

Classical and linear measurements are bound by the shot noise limit. In optics, sensitivity increases i) with square root of number photons detected, or ii) photons-sample interactions. Case (i) is limited how safe efficient power level, while (ii) to achieve resolve any We report a versatile interference contrast imaging technique, which extracts more information per photon resource than phase imager date. It based on non-resonant multipass design that allows efficiently implement case...

Raman Spectroscopy for protein sequencing requires fast detection systems able to manage fluorescence rejection. We propose a 40-nm SPAD-Array system-on-chip with an integrated gate generation block time-filter photons. Preliminary characterization shows excellent performances.

We present the first single-pair Bell inequality test, able to obtain a parameter value for every entangled pair detected. After measurements, each still presents noteworthy amount of entanglement be exploited further quantum-protocols.

We present the development and validation of two SPAD camera systems, based on array chips (Figure 1), respectively with 8x8 128x1 high-performance CMOS pixels, able to acquire both photon-counting 2D "intensity" images photon-timing 3D "time-resolved" (hence, also distance-resolved) maps. Each pixel integrates a 30 μm detector, an 8-bit in-pixel counter (to counts number photons detected during user-selectable timeslots in nanoseconds microsecond range), 12-bit Time-to-Digital Converter...

The ability to form non-line-of-sight (NLOS) images of changing scenes could be transformative in a variety fields, including search and rescue, autonomous vehicle navigation, reconnaissance. Most existing active NLOS methods illuminate the hidden scene using pulsed laser directed at relay surface collect time-resolved measurements returning light. prevailing approaches include raster scanning rectangular grid on vertical wall opposite volume interest generate collection confocal...

Bell inequalities are one of the cornerstones quantum foundations, and fundamental tools for technologies. Recently, scientific community worldwide has put a lot effort towards them, which culminated with loophole-free experiments. Nonetheless, none experimental tests so far was able to extract information on full inequality from each entangled pair, since wave function collapse forbids performing, same state, all measurements needed evaluating entire parameter. We present here first...

Advances in optical imaging always look for an increase sensitivity and resolution among other practicability aspects. Within the same scope, this work we report a versatile interference contrast technique, capable of sub-nm sample-thickness resolution, with large field-ofview several mm2. Sensitivity is increased through use self-imaging non-resonant cavity, which causes photons to probe sample multiple rounds before being detected, where configuration can be transmissive or reflective....