The average lithium content in the Earth’s crust is estimated at about 0.007%. Despite this, considered abundant and widely distributed, with significant extraction from various sources. Notably, brines Salar de Atacama are highlighted for their high concentration ~1800 mg/L. Lithium currently recovered these through a solar evaporation process. brine transferred series of ponds, increasing 0.2% to 6% over 18 months, while decanting other minerals like potassium, magnesium, boron. This...

Due to the scarcity of high-grade minerals on Earth’s surface and ever-increasing demand for critical metals required in production clean energy, search alternative sources has become essential. Ferromanganese crusts, a mineral resource located depths ocean, contain high concentrations valuable metals, particularly cobalt (Co) manganese (Mn). A leaching process using sulfuric acid, with addition steel scrap, been proposed processing this resource. The study investigated extraction (Mn) under...

Black copper oxides, a significant resource, present challenges in leaching due to their refractory nature and complex mineralogical composition. This study investigates the sulfation dynamics of reductive process black ores with purpose increasing leaching, focusing on influences time addition NaCl FeSO4 behavior. Experiments were designed replicate industrial conditions using oxidized minerals from Codelco Salvador hydrometallurgy plant. Multivariate nonlinear regression models response...

The global problem of water scarcity is exacerbated by the continued contamination potable sources. This preliminary study investigates potential a hazardous industrial jarosite waste to adsorb As(V) and Cr(III) from contaminated waters. results showed that this mining effectively adsorbed both Cr(III), demonstrating its as low-cost sustainable solution for remediation along with use also contaminates. adsorption process was optimized, effects various parameters on capacity were...

Chalcopyrite is the most abundant copper ore and, consequently, utilised to produce metallic copper. The main route of treatment through pyrometallurgical processes, but these emit significant quantities SO2 into atmosphere (e.g. 182,000 t/year among all Chilean smelters), producing mighty concern in community. In this context, hydrometallurgy presented as an alternative that may be more environmentally friendly; however, difficulties processing sulphide minerals prevent achieving...

The importance of mine planning is often underestimated. Nonetheless, it essential in achieving high performance by identifying the potential value mineral resources and providing an optimal, practical, realistic strategy for extraction, which considers greatest quantity options, materials, scenarios. Conventional based on a mostly deterministic approach, ignoring part uncertainty presented input data, such as mineralogical composition feed. This work develops methodology to optimize...

Considering the continuous increase in production costs and resource optimization, more than a strategic objective has become imperative copper mining industry. In search to improve efficiency use of resources, present work develops models semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill using statistical analysis machine learning (ML) techniques (regression, decision trees, artificial neural networks). The hypotheses studied aim process’s productive indicators, such as energy consumption. simulation...

Based on the results obtained from a previous study investigating dissolution of Mn marine nodules with use sulfuric acid and foundry slag, second series experiments was carried out using tailings produced slag flotation. The proposed approach takes advantage Fe present in magnetite contained these is believed to be cost-efficient. surface optimization methodology used evaluate independent variables time, particle size, concentration solution. Other tests evaluated effect agitation speed...

Rock mechanics and rock engineering projects require determining, among other parameters, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rock. For such a purpose, it is not uncommon to perform ultrasonic pulse laboratory tests. Many researchers have found experimental relationships between P-wave velocity, but these are based mainly on dry conditions without considering any physical or chemical characteristics studied Specifically, for limestone, there 11 correlations reported in literature,...

Manganese nodules are an attractive source of base metals and critical rare elements required to meet a high demand today’s industry. In previous studies, it has been shown that concentrations reducing agent (Fe) in the system beneficial for rapid extraction manganese. However, is necessary optimize operational parameters order maximize Mn recovery. this study, statistical analysis was carried out using factorial experimental design main parameters, including time, MnO2/Fe2O3 ratio, H2SO4...

In the rock mechanics and engineering field, strength parameter considered to characterize is uniaxial compressive (UCS). It usually determined in laboratory through a few statistically representative numbers of specimens, with recommended minimum five. The UCS can also be estimated from index properties, such as effective porosity, density, P-wave velocity. case porous travertine, random distribution voids inside test specimen (not detectable density-porosity test, but test) causes large...

Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are dietary surveys widely used in studies of nutritional epidemiology because they inexpensive, easy to complete and provide significant information on intake over a long period time. FFQs should be written specifically for each study group since diet may influenced by ethnicity, culture, economic status environmental factors. The aim the authors this work was design validate food questionnaire Peruvian Amazon population.Three hundred three individuals...

Multivariate analytical models are quite successful in explaining one or more response variables, based on independent variables. However, they do not reflect the connections of conditional dependence between variables that explain model. Otherwise, due to their qualitative and quantitative nature, Bayesian networks allow us easily visualize probabilistic relationships interest, as well make inferences a prediction specific evidence (partial impartial), diagnosis decision-making. The current...

The deposits of Fe-Mn, in the seabed planet, are a good alternative source for extraction elements interest. Among these marine nodules, which have approximately 24% manganese and may be solution to shortage high-grade ores on surface. In this investigation, an ANOVA analysis was performed evaluate time independent variables MnO2/reducing agent leaching nodules with use different Fe reducing agents (FeS2, Fe2+, Fe0 Fe2O3). Tests were also carried out evaluating MnO2/Fe ratio, (FeC) proved...

Multivariable analytical models provide a descriptive (albeit approximate) mathematical relationship between set of independent variables and one or more dependent variables. The current work develops an model that extends design experiments for the leaching manganese from marine nodules, using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in presence iron-containing tailings, which are both by-products conventional copper extraction. configured to address effect time, particle size, concentration, Fe2O3/MnO2...

Covellite is a secondary copper sulfide, and it not abundant. There are few investigations on this mineral in spite of being formed during the leaching chalcocite or digenite; other covellite with use mineraloids, concentrates, synthetic covellite. The present investigation applied surface optimization methodology using central composite face design to evaluate effect time, chloride concentration, sulfuric acid concentration level extraction from (84.3% purity). Copper dissolved sample pure...

Chilean mining is one of the main productive industries in country. It plays a critical role development Chile, so process planning an essential task achieving high performance. This involves considering mineral resources and operating conditions to provide optimal realistic copper extraction processing strategy. Performing modes operation requires significant effort information generation, analysis, design. Once mode plans have been made, it select most appropriate one. In this context,...

As result of the adverse effects caused by climate change, nations have decided to accelerate transition energy matrix through use non-conventional sources free polluting emissions. One these alternatives is green hydrogen. In this context, Chile stands out for exceptional that makes it a country with lot renewable resources. Such availability resources gives nation clear advantages hydrogen production, strong gusts wind throughout country, most increased solar radiation in world, lower cost...

The marine nodules are an attractive alternative source for the extraction of manganese due to scarcity high-grade metals on surface. In present investigation, working parameters (Fe2O3/MnO2 ratio and sulfuric acid concentration) were optimized dissolution Mn from using foundry slags. Finally, it is concluded that optimum MnO2/Fe2O3 proportion 1/2, while concentration H2SO4 0.3 mol/L a leaching time 20 minutes achieving solutions 70% Mn.