The aim of this study was to improve the dissolution copper sulfide ore composed mainly chalcopyrite (1.21 wt %) and bornite (0.54 using a pretreatment before leaching. effect on investigated different types Three sets experimental tests were performed (flask, reactor mini-column). Using design, three operational variables in evaluated: chloride concentration (20, 50 90 kg/t), repose time (7, 20 40 days) temperature (20 °C). A maximum 93% obtained when treated with kg Cl−/t ore, d °C flask...

Due to the scarcity of high-grade minerals on Earth’s surface and ever-increasing demand for critical metals required in production clean energy, search alternative sources has become essential. Ferromanganese crusts, a mineral resource located depths ocean, contain high concentrations valuable metals, particularly cobalt (Co) manganese (Mn). A leaching process using sulfuric acid, with addition steel scrap, been proposed processing this resource. The study investigated extraction (Mn) under...

The leaching of copper from industrial ore with 4.8 wt % chalcopyrite by acidified nitrate seawater based media was investigated. Water quality (pure water and seawater), temperature (25–70 °C), reagent concentration, type (sodium potassium) were studied variables. Leaching conditions were: 100 g ore/1 L solution; P80 62.5 µm; 400 rpm time, varying between 3 7 days. Nitrates in sulfuric acid are known to be good oxidants for sulfide ores. This study showed that up 80 could extracted at 45 °C...

This work investigates the effect of an agglomeration and curing pretreatment on leaching a copper sulfide ore, mainly chalcopyrite, using mini-columns in acid-nitrate-chloride media. Ten tests were conducted to evaluate different variables, namely addition nitrate as NaNO3 (11.7 23.3 kg/ton), chloride NaCl (2.1 19.8 time (20 30 days) repose temperature (25 45 °C). The optimum extraction 58.6% was achieved with kg NaNO3/ton, NaCl/ton, after days at °C. Under these conditions, three samples...

The importance of mine planning is often underestimated. Nonetheless, it essential in achieving high performance by identifying the potential value mineral resources and providing an optimal, practical, realistic strategy for extraction, which considers greatest quantity options, materials, scenarios. Conventional based on a mostly deterministic approach, ignoring part uncertainty presented input data, such as mineralogical composition feed. This work develops methodology to optimize...

Ferromanganese crusts are mineral resources distributed in the planet’s oceans. These deep-sea minerals stand out for their abundance and diversity of metals, with Mn Co being most abundant elements. a good alternative to diversify extraction elements, which today found at low grades on Earth’s surface. For co-processing ferromanganese recover Mn, there few studies. generally worked use reducing agent, many cases previous roasting processes. In present investigation, two that were collected...

Chalcocite is the most important and abundant secondary copper ore in world with a rapid dissolution of an acid-chloride environment. In this investigation, methodology surface optimization will be applied to evaluate effect three independent variables (time, concentration sulfuric acid chloride concentration) leaching pure chalcocite extract objective obtaining quadratic model that allows us predict extraction copper. The kinetics regard function temperature also analyzed. An ANOVA...

Manganese nodules are an attractive source of base metals and critical rare elements required to meet a high demand today’s industry. In previous studies, it has been shown that concentrations reducing agent (Fe) in the system beneficial for rapid extraction manganese. However, is necessary optimize operational parameters order maximize Mn recovery. this study, statistical analysis was carried out using factorial experimental design main parameters, including time, MnO2/Fe2O3 ratio, H2SO4...

A less harmful approach for the environment regarding chalcopyrite concentrate leaching, using seawater/brine and caliche’s salts as a source of chloride nitrate ions, was investigated. Different variables were evaluated: sulfuric acid concentration, sodium water (distilled water, seawater, brine), temperature, sample type, (analytical grade industrial salt), pre-treatment methods in order to obtain maximum copper extraction. All tests performed at moderate temperatures (≤45 °C) atmospheric...

An alternative copper concentrate leaching process using sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid diluted in seawater followed by gas scrubbing to recover the has been evaluated. The work involved test carried out under various condition varying temperature, time, particle size, concentrations of NaNO3 H2SO4. amount extracted from chalcopyrite leached with seawater, 0.5 M H2SO4 increased 78% at room temperature 91% 45 °C 96 h 46 leaching, respectively. Gas alkaline solution NaOH was explored part...

Multivariable analytical models provide a descriptive (albeit approximate) mathematical relationship between set of independent variables and one or more dependent variables. The current work develops an model that extends design experiments for the leaching manganese from marine nodules, using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in presence iron-containing tailings, which are both by-products conventional copper extraction. configured to address effect time, particle size, concentration, Fe2O3/MnO2...

In this paper, the effect of cupric and chloride ions concentrations on copper dissolution from chalcopyrite concentrate was studied in acidified media. Variables included three different Cu2+ (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 g L−1), four Cl− (0, 5, 7, 10 two pH values 1 2, a constant temperature 60 °C. Results indicated that addition to system improves extractions, especially at higher Cu2+. Initial leaching solution did not significantly affect extraction when present. Better extractions were obtained as...

Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules (due to their high content of this element), contain various valuable metals such as Cu, Ni and Co. These seabed minerals are a good alternative source Co Mn due the decrease in grade mineral deposits on earth’s surface. For treatment acid-reducing leaching is apparently most attractive, its low cost compared other processes, short operational times, it more friendly environment. In investigation, extraction from two different locations was...

In Chile, the hydrometallurgical plants are operating below their capacity due to a depletion of copper oxide ores. To obtain suitable pregnant leach solutions (PLSs) for plants, leaching combining iodine-based oxidants and hydrogen peroxide in chloride–acid medium, at room temperature pressure were studied. Factorial experiments conducted evaluate effects different solution reagents (KI, NaIO3, NaCl, H2O2, H2SO4). The results showed that most influential variable is H2O2 concentration;...

Recent works suggest that the use of ionic liquids in copper solvent extraction industry is feasible. However, reports did not real solutions (or synthetic with various elements). This fact remains poorly established, and interaction efficiencies are still under study. The objective this research to explore stripping four major elements present a industrial pregnant leach solution (Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Zn(II)) using methyltrioctyl/decylammonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate...

Currently, the use of called “green solvents” is a challenge that must be assumed by industry, since they contribute to friendly process and where its has been extended, causing research needs, recognition application analysis potential new uses. The main objective this study was analyze global scientific production related glycine or glutamate, amino acids are used in mineral/waste leaching processes for recovery metals interest, an environmentally manner. A literature search performed...

Copper leaching presents an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional sulfide ore processing methods. This study investigates efficient process for copper concentrate, utilizing a solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and potassium iodide (KI) in chloride medium (NaCl), enhanced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at room temperature. A significant aspect this research was optimizing the KI concentration minimize sublimation into iodine gas (I2). Through experimental design, optimal dosages...

Hydrometallurgical processing of chalcopyrite is great interest today due to the depletion oxidized copper minerals. This will also enable existing plants continue operation. The objective this work study behavior leaching by stirring in an acid-nitrate-chloride media where seawater and brines provide chloride ions nitrate can be provided from caliche industry. variables studied were sulfuric acid, concentration, source water (dissolvent), temperature, solid/liquid ratio, particle size,...

In this study, weak acid in the curing and leaching stages of copper ore was incorporated, we analyzed its effect on dissolution final impurities. The corresponds to a wastewater effluent from sulfuric plants produced gas treatment smelting processes. This is basically water with high acidity (pH-value low at 1), which contains several toxic elements some valuable metals. results indicated that there no positive or negative incorporation stage, while case stage favored. Toxicity...