This paper demonstrates the special advantages of FT-Raman spectroscopy for in situ studies several carotenoids that occur ubiquitously plant kingdom. Spectra obtained from various tissues a range species indicate wavenumber location C=C stretching vibrations is mainly influenced both by length as well terminal substituents polyene chain and their interaction with other constituents. The results show also usefulness Raman investigation cis-trans isomerization during processing. Additionally,...

The contents of phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activities were assessed in a carrot collection comprising 35 cultivars, landraces breeding populations. accessions originated from various world regions they represented Eastern Western gene pools. In two-year field trial roots orange, red, yellow, white purple color cultivated, freeze-dried analyzed for content by Folin-Ciocalteu assay UV/Vis assay. Radical activity the extracts was determined with stable DPPH radical. Carrots...

The first report presenting successful and efficient carrot genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas9) is a powerful tool that has been widely adopted in model organisms recently, but not used carrot-a species for vitro culture studies an important health-promoting crop grown worldwide. In this study, the time, we application of system targeted mutagenesis genome. Multiplexing vectors expressing two...

This paper presents an approach to simultaneously analyze polyacetylenes, carotenoids, and polysaccharides in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots by means of Raman spectroscopy. The components were measured situ the plant tissue without any preliminary sample preparation. analysis is based on intensive characteristic key bands observed spectrum root. molecular structures main falcarinol falcarindiol, are similar, but their spectra exhibit specific differences demonstrated shift −C⋮C− mode from...

Carrot is one of the most economically important vegetables worldwide, but genetic and genomic resources supporting carrot breeding remain limited. We developed a Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) platform for wild cultivated used it to investigate diversity develop saturated linkage map carrot. analyzed set 900 DArT markers in collection plant materials comprising 94 65 accessions. The accessions were attributed three separate groups: wild, Eastern Western cultivated. Twenty-seven showing...

Polymorphism of simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci was assessed in a collection 88 carrot (Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus Hoffm.) accessions. The comprised cultivars and landraces mainly from Asia, Europe, North America. Plants were grown the glasshouse characterized for root color shape. Thirty SSR fully using parameters derived allele frequencies, i.e. number total, effective rare alleles, observed expected heterozygosity, fixation index. Using Bayesian approach, two clusters 17 61...

An easy and effective regeneration system from leaf- hypocotyl-derived protoplasts was established for carrot. The protoplast isolation efficiency after preplasmolytic treatment digestion of source material in enzyme mixture consisted 1% cellulase Onozuka R-10 0.1% pectolyase Y-23 reached on average 3 × 106 per g leaf hypocotyl tissue, respectively. A modified thin alginate layer technique applied the culture. Direct somatic embryogenesis a simplified Kao Michayluk medium presence 2,4-D...

Abstract In this study we report the development of effective in vitro systems for a medicinal plant Nigella damascena L. comprising: (1) callus induction, (2) somatic embryogenesis cultures with subsequent regeneration, and (3) isolation regeneration callus-derived protoplasts. Callus was achieved on 83–100% hypocotyl cotyledon explants, whereby Murashige Skoog medium (MS) supplemented 3 mg L −1 6-benzylaminopurine 0.5 α -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; BN medium) more advantageous than MS...

In 1973, Jaffe identified and characterized the phenomenon of thigmomorphogenesis, also referred to as mechanical stress (MS) or stimulation in plants. Previous studies on petunia plants demonstrated that MS significantly affects growth dynamics. As a response MS, petunias exhibit increased levels indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) oxidase peroxidase, although active transport endogenous IAA remains unaffected. Furthermore, earlier research has shown inhibits synthesis gibberellin (GA3), with...

Abstract Carotenoid microcrystals, extracted from cells of carrot roots and consisting 95 % achiral β‐carotene, exhibit a very intense chiroptical (ECD ROA) signal. The preferential chirality crystalline aggregates that consist mostly building blocks is newly observed phenomenon in nature, may be related to asymmetric information transfer the chiral seeds (small amount α‐carotene or lutein) present cells. To confirm this hypothesis, we synthesized several model various carotenoids. Because...

Abstract Microbial endochitinase CHIT36 is one of the lytic enzymes secreted by Trichoderma harzianum that exhibits antifungal activity in vitro . To evaluate its when expressed planta , a plasmid containing chit36 gene under control CaMV 35S promoter and nptII selection were introduced into polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐treated carrot ( Daucus carota L.) protoplasts. The transgenic plants expressing used resistance assays to their susceptibility fungal pathogens. Laboratory‐based on detached...

FT-Raman spectroscopy was applied for in situ analysis of single and intact fruits obtained from a diverse caraway (Carum carvi L.) collection. The Raman spectra showed characteristic bands that could be assigned to lignin, unsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides. Additionally, the essential oil composition determined by gas chromatography (GC), which great variation carvone limonene content among accessions European botanical gardens as well advanced breeding materials. GC data information...

This paper demonstrates the special potential of Raman spectroscopy for study selected plant metabolites. Carotenoids, which are beneficial components in fruits and vegetables, have been shown to be a significant factor lowering risk various types cancer ischemic heart diseases. On other hand, alkaloids may effects on human health, e.g. caffeine is mild stimulant central nervous system as result it can influence behaviour. Polyacetylenes highly cytotoxic against numerous cell lines...

Polyacetylenes and other common plant components, such as starch, pectin, cellulose, lignin, were studied in roots of the wild carrot (Daucus carota) subspecies D. carota subsp. gummifer maximus by Raman spectroscopy. The components measured situ, directly tissue without any preliminary sample preparation. analysis was performed on basis intense characteristic key bands observed spectrum. two main polyacetylenes falcarinol (1) falcarindiol (2) have similar molecular structures, but their...

Abstract In this review, we present genetically modified (GM) horticultural events that have passed the regulatory process and been approved for cultivation or food use in different countries. The first authorization deregulation of a GM plant issued 25 years ago initiated fast expansion organisms (GMO) engineered by using gene transfer technology. list species comprises representatives vegetables, fruit plants ornamentals. We describe their unique characteristics, often not achievable...

Uptake of water and nutrients by roots affects the ontogenesis whole plant. Nanoparticles, e.g. gold nanoparticles, have a broad range applications in many fields which leads to transfer these materials into environment. Thus, understanding their impact on growth development root system is an emerging issue. During our studies effect positively charged nanoparticles barley roots, hairless phenotype was found. We investigated whether this correlates with changes symplasmic communication,...