We argue that professional development should address five aspects of school capacity: teachers' knowledge, skills, and dispositions; community; program coherence; technical resources; principal leadership. A two-year study nine urban elementary schools in the United States found considerable variation schools' use to capacity. More comprehensive occurred through both externally developed programs school-based initiatives. Comprehensive was most strongly related school's initial level...

Based on a multiyear, qualitative study of urban elementary schools, this article examines the extent to which and ways in principal leadership for professional development at four schools addressed three aspects school organizational capacity: teachers' knowledge, skills, dispositions; community; program coherence. Findings from indicate that effective principals can sustain high levels capacity by establishing trust, creating structures promote teacher learning, either connecting their...

Situates current research on professional development within an organizational perspective. Offers a framework for the study of development, and proposes that key factors affect student achievement be conceptualized as school capacity. Argues increases in capacity will lead to gains achievement, should, therefore, designed enhance following three dimensions First, includes knowledge, skills, dispositions individual staff members. Second, diverse human technical resources need put use...

Many politicians and policymakers today link school accountability performance. Drawing on evidence from the corporate world, they assume that strong external will impel schools to improve student achievement. In this article, however, Fred Newmann, M. Bruce King, Mark Rigdon argue three issues keep popular theory working in practice: a) implementation controversies around standards, incentives, constituencies; b) insufficient efforts organize human, technical, social resources of a into an...

Two patients are described in whom computerised tomography revealed contrast-enhanced lesions the early stages of multiple sclerosis. Such may be differentiated from tumours by their transient nature, lack space-occupying effect, and localisation white matter. Contrast enhancement demyelinating disease is probably related to local breakdown blood-brain barrier.

In this article, the authors recount and explore critical dilemmas in development of a secondary-level interdisciplinary teaching team. Reaching consensus on significant pedagogical issues represents one promises teaming: strengthening teachers' work by breaking down isolation collectively struggling with substantive questions learning. But analysis reveals complex often contradictory teacher teams. Even within ostensibly democratic structures, hierarchies emerged, individualistic tendencies...

Purpose Reformers, policymakers, and researchers have given considerable attention to organizational capacity in schools, especially those schools that perpetuate or exacerbate achievement gaps among diverse student groups reproduce social inequalities. There is an emerging consensus about key dimensions of school how they can help promote both equity excellence learning. However, it still not very clear building itself be enhanced. This paper aims address these issues....

A total of 231 psychiatrists working in several London teaching hospitals were surveyed about their private religious attitudes and how these affected reported clinical practice. Although only 27% a affiliation 23% belief God, 92% felt that should concern themselves with the concerns patients. who more likely to make referrals leaders or disclose own beliefs patients, contrary reports from United States there was no evidence psychiatrists’ had an important influence on

To determine (i) the prevalence and characteristics of harmful alcohol consumption in general practice attendees; (ii) social psychological associations with drinking (iii) recognition by GPs.A cross-sectional study ten practices Goa, India. A total 1567 attendees were recruited.A 338 men (41%) 597 women (81%) reported that they never consumed alcohol. One hundred twenty-eight people or 8.2% scored >or=8 on AUDIT [123 (15%) five (0.7%) women] classified as dependent drinkers. The population...

The physical and psychological health of long term (over one year) users benzodiazepines in general practice was assessed by patients9 self reporting illness practitioners9 records. Of 3741 patients registered with the practice, 82 had been prescribed a benzodiazepine, 64 these agreed to enter study. All but five were over 40 years age, nearly third (19) given diagnosis related depression interviewers, between half reported current illness. Long treatment is not necessarily optimum...

A total of 748 patients who attended four south London group practices were screened using the eating attitudes test; 1% women had bulimia nervosa and a further 3% partial syndrome disorder. Eating weight control behaviour psychiatric indicators for an disorder analysed. Patients with syndromes remarkably similar. They mainly women, from middle to upper classes, in normal range but having considerable fluctuation past, more likely have history menstrual irregularity, often psychologically...

All doctors in a London Teaching Hospital were sent self-administered, anonymous questionnaire, to study past episodes of emotional distress. We inquired about frequency and current distress, sources effects on work home life, type help sought perceived outcome that help. Of 320 doctors, 210 (66%) responded. One hundred forty-one (68%) reported previous moderate or severe Logistic regression revealed distress was significantly more common younger women. Many respondents problems as causing...

Abstract Discrimination against people on the basis of physical or mental infirmity is common and creates a considerable burden for sufferers. There has been debate about prejudice with disease resulting from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study reports views experiences stigmatization by 192 outpatients HIV infection interviewed at two London teaching hospitals. Despite reticence discussing their infection, one quarter patients had received negative reactions confidants....

should be more aware of a dancer's limitations and dancers' needs to rest as soon injuries occur; dancers need immediate access adequate treatment.The profession dance is believed fairly conservative in responding recommended changes.The current climate within the profession, however, ripe for initiating discussions about preventing dancers, given awareness high rates injury increasing interest potential sports medicine.

The hypothesis that cognitive simplicity is positively related to prejudice was tested indirectly with data on college students. relation of tolerance (measured by questions regarding desegregation the campus) both accuracy and similarity in perceiving attitudes others Crespi thermometers) evaluated Student's t-test. Intolerant students were less accurate predicting responses showed a greater tendency perceive others' as like their own.

General practice is a key resource in the treatment of drug misuse.1 The relationship between users and general practitioners unsatisfactory, change attitude needed to encourage seek primary care.2 One study found that most preferred their practitioner prescribe maintenance drugs for them, although practitioners' negative attitudes lack interest users' problems were common complaints.3 In later perceived be accessible but unsympathetic lacking knowledge.4 We report views on health care. This...

The rhetoric of restructuring reforms overshadows what we really know about restructured schools. Analyzing data from a nominated sample schools, this article proposes some relevant dimensions and criteria it describes how focused comprehensive is in them. For the proposed themes or schools-student experiences, professional lives teachers, governance, community coordination-schools tended to meet more areas students teachers. Significantly fewer schools were governance coordination. Schools...