This research investigates how participation in college-based science-training programs increases student intention to pursue a scientific career. Using identity theory, we delineate three levels of social structure and conceptualize as proximate structures. Results from sample 892 undergraduate science students are supportive theory indicate that structures leads increased commitment identity, salience study contributes the literature on by demonstrating can lead subsequent processes, thus...

Abstract Over six decades since the Supreme Court ruled that all American children have right to a high quality education, academic achievement gap remains an important social problem in United States. Researchers interested understanding generally seek find mechanisms can explain why Black students continue achieve at lower levels than their White counterparts. This research has shown differences socioeconomic status, family cultural resources, school and racial composition, bias prejudice...

Studies of beliefs about social stratification have generally focused on how individual-level factors shape people's explanations poverty and inequality. In this article, the authors contribute to literature by adding a community-level measure “concentrated disadvantage” (poverty associated conditions) models predicting support for individualistic (person-centered) structuralist (system-challenging) causes poverty. Using data from two Los Angeles County surveys 1990 Census, multi-level...

This paper investigates how neighborhood cultural context shapes academic achievement. Drawing on contemporary conceptualization of culture and recent evidence the importance context, I hypothesize that students from disadvantaged neighborhoods will display more heterogeneity, or variability in orientations, operationalized here as self-efficacy. In addition, heterogeneity have negative effects achievement, particularly for those with high individual Results multilevel models using data...

This research aims to determine the situational and individual factors that shape perceptions of whether police violence against citizens is justified. Drawing on racialization crime, modern racism, stigma associated with a criminal history, we hypothesize individuals will view as more justified when targeted at black those histories. We further who have higher levels racial prejudice Results from survey experiment using sample 595 white respondents show consistent effect viewing citizen...

Recent studies have found a net Black advantage in educational attainment. This pattern indicates that after controlling for socioeconomic and academic characteristics, students are more likely to continue education than their White counterparts. Using an careers approach, this study examines selection student expectations parental aspirations as potential explanations of pattern. Results indicate exists from high school entry through postsecondary enrollment partially explain the advantage....

Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study, author investigates racial disparities in high school graduation, four-year college enrollment, and bachelor’s degree completion. In addition, considers how conditionally relevant early adult variables shape The results indicate that although comparable numbers of black Hispanic students obtain degrees, their educational career trajectories differ substantially. Compared with white students, are more likely to end careers after starting...

This study describes the clinical features, severity, and outcomes in children <5 years of age with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection during an atypical summer surge coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although timing was uncharacteristic, features illness severity were representative a typical RSV season. Co-infection SARS-CoV-2 low.

This study investigates the individual and group level reconstruction of a racial-ethnic identity. Specifically, we investigate experience "new Indians," or people who did not previously identify as American Indian, but are now reclaiming this heritage. Because many new Indians lack both official (tribal and/or federal) recognition their Indian status phenotypic traits associated with in popular culture, authenticity is often questioned interactions others. We document how work to...

Many theories of offending have been advanced in an effort to explain the increasing number women arrested recent years. In this article, I move away from individual level explanations and attempt trend with a structural approach. Specifically, argue that `war on drugs' has made females more vulnerable arrest years, regardless behavior. two arms war drugs, representing direct ideological aspects social control, work together make likely be arrested. This article contributes literature ways....

Gender is arguably the most prominent correlate of criminal victimization. Few studies, however, examine gender-specific dynamics that might help advance criminology’s understanding persistent gender gap in We attempt to fill this research void by examining data from 2012 National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) through lens routine activity theory investigate relationship between “gendered spaces” and propose gendered spaces constructed people’s activities may increase their...

Factorial surveys were used to examine community-based long-term care providers' judgments about consumers' need for advance planning (ACP) and comfort levels in discussing ACP. Providers (448 registered nurses social workers) judged vignettes based on hypothetical consumers. Hierarchical linear models indicated providers consumers who older, had end-stage diagnoses, multiple emergency department visits, uninvolved caregivers as most of These variables explained 10% the variance judgments....

This article re-analyses official 2004 criminal incidence rates in Canada. Currently, are calculated using a technique known as capping, meaning that any respondent can represent maximum of three incidents per crime type, regardless how many the individual reports. Given research on other victimization surveys has cast doubt practice this assesses effects capping Canadian Victimization Survey. Findings illustrate there is significant cause to question way which calculated. Specifically,...

Abstract The link between racial identity and biology has long been a topic of fascination within the US popular imagination. After completion Human Genome Project, this increased as journalists others have continued to search for genetic basis classifications. Moreover, increasing popularity ancestry testing (GAT) is spurring geneticization individuals are encouraged change their based on profiles, rather than social location. Scholarship suggests white Americans more likely take GATs...

American youth transitioning to adulthood consume more alcohol than in any other period of the life course. This high level consumption can result serious consequences, including lost productivity, death and disability, sexual assault, addiction. Nevertheless, relatively little is known, especially by race gender, about how prior history heavy drinking (e.g., late adolescence) impacts young adulthood. Utilizing data from National Longitudinal Survey Youth (1994-2004) for African Americans,...

Purpose The purpose of this research is to compare the fatality rate Black and White subjects shot by police. This comparison meant explore whether officer-involved shootings (OIS) are impacted more perceived threat or demographic characteristics. Beyond race, contextual officer-level variables examined for their influence on lethal vs non-lethal police shootings. Design/methodology/approach study utilizes data from Tampa Bay Times database in Florida 2009 through 2014. Our analysis focuses...

Abstract Wayne State University's Division of Engineering Technology (ET) offers upper division only programs (2+2) leading to 4-year degrees. The typical challenges facing transfer students are in this case compressed into 2-year upper-division-only program offerings, which provides manifold opportunities acquire new insights how help sub-group students, especially those with low social-economic status. In project that its early stages, PIs will (a) provide financial support 4 cohorts 12...