Social psychologists currently conceptualize self as composed of many parts; often they visualize the parts organized hierarchically by differences in salience or psychological centrality. We ask whether these concepts are equivalent, overlapping, independent, and one concept «works» better an identity theory context. Models relating commitment to role relations centrality, centrality time spent role, estimated for four roles identities related university students. Results show that...

Objective: Compulsive buying (uncontrolled urges to buy, with resulting significant adverse consequences) has been estimated affect from 1.8% 16% of the adult U.S. population. To authors’ knowledge, no study used a large general population sample estimate its prevalence. Method: The authors conducted random sample, national household telephone survey in spring and summer 2004 interviewed 2,513 adults. interviews addressed attitudes behaviors, their consequences, respondents’ financial...

ABSTRACT Objective: In clinical samples, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with substantial suffering and reduced quality of life. Limited surveys report widely varying prevalence estimates. To better establish the BDD, we conducted a United States nationwide survey. Method: We random sample national household telephone survey in spring summer 2004 interviewed 2,513 adults, whom 2,048 qualified for BDD-module administration. The computer-assisted, structured interviews, by trained...

Utilisant une perspective empruntee a la theorie des interactions symboliques, question du changement et de stabilite dans structure soi est examinee le cadre d'une l'identite. La relation entre l'engagement interactionnel, effectif caractere tranche l'identite, etudie en utilisant cinq aspects l'identite associes vie universitaire; identite etudiante, athletique/loisirs, extra-cursus, engagements liaisons personnelles

For more than 40 years, there has been a concerted national effort to promote diversity among the scientific research community. Yet given persistent national-level disparity in educational achievements of students from various ethnic and racial groups, efficacy these programs come into question. The current study reports results longitudinal supported by National Institutes Health-funded minority training program, propensity score matched control. Growth curve analyses using Hierarchical...

ABSTRACT Objective : The Internet has positively altered many aspects of life. However, for a subset users, the medium may have become consuming problem that exhibits features impulse control disorders recognized in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Method This is first large-scale epidemiological study problematic use through random-digit-dial telephone survey 2,513 adults United States. Given lack validated criteria, questions were extrapolated from...

Identity theory invokes two distinct but related concepts, identity salience and prominence, to explain how the organization of identities that make up self impacts probability a given is situationally enacted. However, much extant research has failed clearly distinguish between their empirical relationship not been adequately investigated, impeding solid understanding significance role each in general self. This study examines causal ordering using three waves panel data from 48...

This research investigates how participation in college-based science-training programs increases student intention to pursue a scientific career. Using identity theory, we delineate three levels of social structure and conceptualize as proximate structures. Results from sample 892 undergraduate science students are supportive theory indicate that structures leads increased commitment identity, salience study contributes the literature on by demonstrating can lead subsequent processes, thus...

This study examines the relationship among features of local community, fear crime, and subjective well-being. It draws from community literature on social integration stress theory to develop a model linking ecological factors, reported status characteristics (e.g., race, age, children in home), safety precautions feelings vulnerability crime crime. We then extend analyses examine how affect life satisfaction (an indicator well-being) directly indirectly via mastery. Using data collected...

In identity theory, salience refers to the probability that an will be invoked (e.g., “called up” or activated) across situations. this article, we suggest there are many ways invoke identity, ultimately arguing multiplicity of operationalizations decades literature is valid because these capture different activation methods. This leads us theoretically reframe as overarching concept encompasses multiple methods activation, including external and internal invocation. We empirically test idea...

Studies of beliefs about social stratification have generally focused on how individual-level factors shape people's explanations poverty and inequality. In this article, the authors contribute to literature by adding a community-level measure “concentrated disadvantage” (poverty associated conditions) models predicting support for individualistic (person-centered) structuralist (system-challenging) causes poverty. Using data from two Los Angeles County surveys 1990 Census, multi-level...

This article examines empirically ideas initially proposed in speculative work by Ervin and Stryker dealing with what could be understood about human social behavior interaction bringing together self-esteem identity theories. Necessary to that task is distinguishing between two key often conflated concepts of theory, salience prominence. We argue role-specific self-efficacy, embedded a precedent product the theory model global self-efficacy link from role-identities self-concept through...

Identity theory research shows that prominence, or identity importance, positively predicts salience likely enactment. Sometimes the association is strong, indicating close matches in magnitude, whereas other times, it weak, mismatches magnitude. We build on this work by exploring prominence–salience combinations, paying attention to how congruity and magnitude relate role-specific self-esteem. test two competing arguments: cognitive consistency—matches are good, bad—and uncertainty...

This article reports a test of longitudinal model linking interpersonal conflict communication and relationship quality. The stresses episodic factors that function to mediate the conflict-relationship link. In particular, competence-based specifies assessments competence one's own satisfaction filter effects on relational quality when measured concurrently at Time 1 (T1). addition, includes hypothesized impact features T1 strategies weeks later 2 (T2), which indicates reciprocal causal...