The microstructure of Nafion varies in response to changes hydration. Thus, it undergoes a transition from tightly packed bundles inverted micelles with aqueous cores and fused hydrophobic shells ("macaroni bundles") at low hydrations normal type ("spaghetti") high hydrations. It was postulated recently that similar "macaroni−spaghetti" transition, i.e., breakup surface-aligned macaroni randomly oriented spaghetti, takes place the polymer surface when external medium is changed vapor liquid...

Grazing incidence SAXS (GISAXS) was used to examine the surface structure of thin Nafion films spin-cast on hydrophobic silanized Si substrate and exposed water vapor. GISAXS spectra at low subcritical angles, indicative a few nanometers thick region, showed that in vapor micelles tend align parallel surface, while under they are preferentially oriented normal agreement with previously proposed structural picture AFM contact angle results. However, near-critical angles representing bulk...

The advancements in adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology the healthcare industry have been very execute rapid and brought efficient change functionality, diagnostics, management industry. But this technological advancement come with significant question issues on right to privacy confidentiality patient data especially India following constitutional provision that is a under Article 21 Constitution. gap research specifically relates whether contemporary legal instruments...

The swelling dynamics of the ultrathin polyacrylamide (PAM) spin-coated films in saturated vapor D2O and H2O were studied using neutron X-ray reflectivity. A uniform scattering length density (SLD) profile represents dry PAM films, whereas SLD profiles corresponding to swelled characterized with a decreasing solvent concentration along film thickness from top surface film/substrate interface. diffusion mechanism into was found be non-Fickian process, as coefficient observed function...

Devices comprised of solution-processed poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), with various concentrations MWCNTs, were fabricated and characterized. The morphology the P3HT: MWCNT nanocomposite was characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). optical characteristics studied UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy. electrical properties devices measuring current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics. While J–V a pristine P3HT...

Electric vehicles (EVs) are now considered to be a cutting-edge form of transportation. However, the electrical grid infrastructure is not sufficiently developed meet rising charging demand for electric vehicles. Therefore, it impossible rely entirely on grid-generated electricity. This article discusses control approach extremely rapid EV batteries driven by hybrid DC microgrid, consisting isolated, Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Turbine, Fuel Cell and Energy Storage Systems. An adaptive sliding...

Solvent uptake and swelling of ultrathin spin-coated polyacrylamide films in the presence saturated vapor water at room temperature was studied using gravimetric X-ray reflectivity methods. observed to be a faster process, compared swelling, governed by Fickian dynamics diffusion molecules into free volume polymer structure. The demonstrates slower dynamical behavior that can modeled terms coil good solvent. Unlike interdiffusion chains interfaces, attractive interaction substrate found have...

Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are new crystalline materials with exotic electronic, mechanical, and optical properties. Due to their inherent exceptional mechanical strength, these 2D provide us the best platform for strain engineering. In this study, we have performed first-principles calculations study effect of uniaxial strains on magnetic, properties MX2 (where M = Cr, Mo, W X S, Se), monolayers (2D), armchair zigzag nanoribbons (1D). For determined tensile...

The studies of solvent mass uptake and swelling dynamics CdS−polyacrylamide nanocomposite ultrathin films in saturated (H2O) vapor were carried out. material was synthesized via a chemical route. prepared by spin-coating on silicon substrates. behavior molecules into the films, studied using gravimetric method, found to be film thickness dependent non-Fickian nature. X-ray reflectivity as function time. As result polymer nanoparticle interaction, dynamical behaviors for observed widely...

A two-dimensional bio/synthetic hybrid system at the air−solution interface made of a polymerized diacetylene Langmuir film with nucleobase modified headgroups is presented. The presents crystalline array nucleobases, capable specific binding complementary mononucleoside or oligonucleotide sequences. Mixed monolayers linear polyconjugated polydiacetylene (PDA) films derivatized cytosine (10,12-pentacosadiyne-cytidyl, PDC) monomers and alcohol-terminated lipid (10,12-pentacosadiynol, PDOH)...

A protein monolayer grown at a water surface decorated with mild coverage of surfactants, was compressed laterally followed by decompression in cycle. The tension and the thickness layer monitored using Wilhelmy plate grazing incidence off-specular X-ray scattering techniques (GIXOS). Under in-plane isothermal compression expands. There were two different regimes expansion- first it occurs due conformational changes proteins under pressure then buckling into folded layers beyond critical...

Based on first-principle calculations, we have systematically studied the spin dependent structural, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of CrS2 monolayer nanoribbons (zigzag armchair). The observed positive phonon frequencies monolayer, ensures structural stability material. computed binding energy calculations reveal that is more stable than zigzag which further armchair. Also found as go from (2D) to (1D) electronic band gap reduced system changes its behaviour non-magnetic...

Structural reordering in monolayers of gold nanoparticles during transfer from water surface to solid substrate has been studied by synchrotron x-ray scattering techniques. Grazing incidence diffraction (GID) and grazing off-specular (GIXOS) measurements were performed as a function time track the in-plane out-of-plane structural transferred monolayers. GID show shift particle-particle correlation peak toward lower momentum value, signifying possible expansion triangular lattice formed on...

A multimode interference filter with narrow transmission bandwidth and large self-imaging wavelength interval is constructed implemented in an ytterbium doped fiber laser all-fiber format for broad tunability as well spectral width of the output beam. The peak was tuned help a standard in-fiber polarization controller. With this simple mechanism more than 30 nm (1038 nm–1070 nm) tuning range demonstrated. beam from measured to be 0.05 nm.

Parthenium hysterophorus, a noxious weed of tropical America, had relocated to Indian plains and rapidly encroached on north-western Himalayas Mountain regions. Earlier, the plant was primarily found in wastelands, but it now thrives cultivated fields, pastures, roadsides. threatens human animal health, destroys vegetation, lowers diversity native groups causes significant financial damage individuals their significance numerous nations worldwide. Parthenin, sesquiterpene lactone P. is...

The growth mechanism of a protein monolayer at the air–water interface was investigated using dynamic surface tension, diffuse X-ray scattering and fluorescence techniques. To ensure sensitivity, grazing angle kept smaller than critical total external reflection for water. solution inserted into liquid in Langmuir trough monitored with time-resolved measurements which demonstrate sequential involving adsorption relaxation processes characterized different time-scales. provide evidence sudden...