Abstract The Planck-Balance is a compact Kibble balance, designed for the realization of unit mass at values much smaller than 1 kg across multiple orders magnitude. Recent advancements enable PTB to measure with uncertainties equivalent calibration accuracy classes E1 (up 5 g), E2 50 and F1 100 while operating in air. Type B limit relative combined standard uncertainty g minimum achievable value 4.5 · 1E−7. A measurement campaign was conducted using six standards (1 mg, 10 g, yielding...

A balance is proposed, which allows the calibration of weights in a continuous range from 1 mg to kg using fixed value Planck constant, h. This so-called Planck-Balance (PB) uses physical approach Kibble balances that allow constant be derived mass. Using PB no calibrated mass standards are required during weighing processes any longer, because all measurements traceable via electrical quantities and meter second. new types after expected redefinition SI-units by end 2018. In contrast many...

Abstract In this paper we present the progress in development of a table-top version Kibble balance under name Planck-Balance 2 (PB2). The PB2 is developed as collaboration effort between Technische Universität Ilmenau (TU Ilmenau) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) aiming for automatized mass calibration set weights range from 1 mg to 100 g within required uncertainties stated by OIML recommendation R111 E2 class. We describe design operational performance system detail,...

In this paper, we present an application for realizing high-precision horizontally directed force measurements in the order of several tens nN combination with high dead loads about 10 N. The set-up is developed on basis two identical state-of-the-art electromagnetic compensation (EMFC) precision balances. measurement resolution single-axis quasi-dynamic forces 20 over working range ±100 μN. operates different modes: open-loop mode mechanical deflection proportional lever indication acting...

The use of the radiation pressure a laser field, as an effect momentum transfer absorbed and re-emitted photons, suggests rather complementary than alternative possibility for metrology to generate calibration forces or calibrate optical power directly traceable International System Units (SI). This paper reports method experimentally measured evidence on options extend effective generating in sub-microNewton (μN) range. Among other features results presented, we emphasize variability...

A simplified method of contactless Lorentz force (LF) measurements for flow meters on electrolytes is described and realized. Modification comparative representation are discussed against recently well-developed methods. Based the catapult effect, that current carrying conductor experiences a repulsive in magnetic field, we demonstrate measurement LF velocimetry applications by commonly known "electromagnetic force" compensation principle. Measurement approach through zero point stability...

In this paper, we present enhanced flow rate measurement by applying the contactless Lorentz Force Velocimetry (LFV) technique. Particularly, show that LFV is a feasible technique for metering of salt water in rectangular channel. The measurements forces as function are presented different electrical conductivities water. smallest value conductivity achieved at 0.06 Sm−1, which corresponds to typical tap comparison with previous results, performance improved approximately 2 orders magnitude...

Abstract In this work, we review the viability and precision of photon-momentum-based optical power measurement method that employs an amplification effect caused by a multi-reflected laser beam trapped in cavity. Measuring total momentum transfer absorbed re-emitted photons from highly reflective surface (reflection mirror) as force provides possibility measuring with direct traceability to SI units. Trial measurements were performed at two different metrology laboratories: laboratory for...

In this paper we present a force measurement system that is developed based on the principle of torsion balance. The will primarily be used as flowmeter for weakly electrically conducting fluids using method Lorentz velocimetry. aims to improve technique precision measurements in horizontal direction with high dead load. tilt dependency tested, and sensitivity minimized within 5.9 · 10−2 N rad−1, which required limit application. voltage photoelectrical position sensor an original output...

The Planck-Balance 1 (PB1) has been developed in a collaboration between the Physikalisch- Technische Bundesanstalt and Universität Ilmenau. It is small-size Kibble balance aimed to calibrate E<sub>1</sub> mass standards for range from mg kg. This paper presents its principle some preliminary investigations.

Abstract This article presents a fiber interferometric sensor (FIS) for measuring the velocity amplitude of an oscillatory vibrating object, with focus on mode measurement in applications using Kibble balance principle. The uses range-resolved interferometry method to measure displacement moving object and employs multi-harmonic sine-fit algorithm estimate frequency, thereby determining amplitude. provides comprehensive explanation experimental setup techniques employed, as well detailed...

Abstract Practical means of generation and calibration the small precision forces in static dynamic regimes around 1 Hz by usage radiation pressure effect from W continuous wave visible (diode) laser light is presented. The additive transfer photon momentum, caused non-overlapping multiply reflecting beam locked within a quasi-passive and/or active macroscopic cavity system, employed. effective power (partially trapped experimentally) amplified, such that optically generated are increased...

Zusammenfassung Seit dem 20. Mai 2019 gilt das neue Internationale Einheitensystem SI. Dies stellt eine Zäsur in der Geschichte Einheiten dar, denn von nun an sind alle 7 Basiseinheiten durch Fundamentalkonstanten definiert. Gerade für die Masse und daraus abgeleiteten Größen hat weitreichende Folgen. Das Urkilogramm ist jetzt nur noch ein normales 1 kg-Wägestück. Der Gewinn aber enorm. Kilogramm lässt sich zukünftig jeden Massewert darstellen muss nicht mehr auf rückgeführt werden. Da Kraft...

A table top version of a Kibble balance called the Planck-Balance has been developed by Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and Technische Universitat Ilmenau (TUIL). After one year development, first measurement results were obtained. The mass 10 g standard determined with relative type uncertainty 3 × <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> . preliminary budget shows combined 1...

The Planck-Balance is a new weighing instrument, that utilizes the Kibble principle for mass measurements. In contrast to existing experiments balance aimed at applications in industrial or research use. proposed definition of kilogram with fixed value Planck constant will allow primary measurements electrical using principle. Two instruments, PB2 and PB1 be developed joint project Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Technische Universität Ilmenau, funded by German Federal Ministry...

The PB2 Planck-Balance is a table-top Kibble balance, that designed for the calibration of class E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; weights in range 1 mg up to 100 g. This work presents typical systematic errors which have be considered during and will show results measurements with small masses.

A simplified method for contactless flow rate measurements of electrolytes in rectangular channel is proposed. Based on advancement metering low conductive medias by Lorentz Force Velocimetry (LFV) an optimized model described. System provides stable range 0.4 to 2.5 m/s velocities down 2 S/m conductivity. We demonstrate force compensation measurement scheme LFV applications commonly known electromagnetic principle. Method realized through combination relatively straightforward...

Abstract Design and operational performance of table-top measurement apparatus is presented towards direct Planck constant traceable high accuracy precision small forces optical power measurements within the SI unit system. Electromagnetic force compensation weighing balances, highly reflective mirrors high-energy pulsed laser (static average 20 W) are tailored together with a specially developed opto-electro-mechanical infrastructure for cross-mapping scale-systems two different methods....

A table-top version of a Kibble balance called Planck-Balance 1 (PB1) has been developed in collaboration between the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt and Technische Universität Ilmenau. It is aimed for calibrating E1 mass standards range from mg to kg. This paper gives brief overview concept PB1, its measurement setup, some initial measurements force mode velocity mode.

The paper presents some of the results static and dynamic force measurements at 100 nN to sub-10 µN ranges which are generated due photon-momentum. sensor with resolution about 20 operating in differential measurement mode is developed by two electromagnetic compensation balances. In order generate these calibration forces, CW lasers different operational modes, power levels, wavelengths used. Multi-reflection configuration laser beam inside macroscopic cavity highly reflective mirrors used...