A5026129001- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Odor and Emission Control Technologies
- Plant and animal studies
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
2016-2025
Cyprus Institute
2017-2025
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2024
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
2024
Max Planck Society
2007-2023
University of Sheffield
2017
California Institute of Technology
2016
University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2016
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2016
Forschungszentrum Jülich
2016
The Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study, performed in the summer of 2001, uncovered air pollution layers from surface to an altitude 15 kilometers. In boundary layer, standards are exceeded throughout region, caused by West and East European north. Aerosol particles also reduce solar radiation penetration surface, which can suppress precipitation. middle troposphere, Asian a lesser extent North American is transported west. Additional east, monsoon upper crosses tropopause, pollutes lower...
The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) was an international, multiplatform field campaign to measure long-range transport of air pollution from South and Southeast Asia toward the during dry monsoon season in January March 1999. Surprisingly high levels were observed over entire northern Intertropical Convergence Zone at about 6°S. We show that agricultural burning especially biofuel use enhance carbon monoxide concentrations. Fossil fuel combustion biomass cause a aerosol loading. growing...
Abstract. We deployed a high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) to measure biomass-burning emissions from peat, crop residue, cooking fires, and many other fire types during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4) laboratory campaign. A combination of gas standard calibrations composition sensitive, mass-dependent calibration curves was applied quantify gas-phase non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) observed in complex mixture...
Abstract. We construct a global atmospheric budget for acetaldehyde using 3-D model of chemistry (GEOS-Chem), and use an ensemble observations to evaluate present understanding its sources sinks. Hydrocarbon oxidation provides the largest source in (128 Tg a−1, factor 4 greater than previous estimate), with alkanes, alkenes, ethanol main precursors. There is also minor from isoprene oxidation. updated chemical mechanism GEOS-Chem, photochemical yields are consistent Master Chemical...
Abstract. The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, more pervasive change is expected to occur coming decades. therefore essential establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, conditions will be operated over decades monitor region, as perturbations increase future. Tall Tower Observatory...
Abstract. A reliable and precise in situ CO2 CO analysis system has been developed deployed at eight sites the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's (ESRL) Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network. The network uses very tall (> 300 m) television radio transmitter towers that provide a convenient platform for mid-boundary-layer trace-gas sampling. Each analyzer three sample inlets profile sampling, complete vertical is obtained every 15 min. instrument suite one site augmented with cavity...
Wildfires inject large amounts of black carbon (BC) particles into the atmosphere, which can reach lowermost stratosphere (LMS) and cause strong radiative forcing. During a 14-month period observations on board passenger aircraft flying between Europe North America, we found frequent widespread biomass burning (BB) plumes, influencing 16 160 flight hours in LMS. The average BC mass concentrations these plumes (∼140 ng·m −3 , standard temperature pressure) were over 20 times higher than...
Abstract During spring 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused massive reductions in emissions from industry and ground airborne transportation. To explore resulting atmospheric composition changes, we conducted BLUESKY campaign with two research aircraft measured trace gases, aerosols, cloud properties boundary layer to lower stratosphere. From 16 May 9 June performed 20 flights early lockdown phase over Europe Atlantic Ocean. We found up 50% nitrogen dioxide concentrations urban areas GOME-2B...
Human-emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are mainly from breath and the skin. In this study, we continuously measured VOCs in a stainless-steel environmentally controlled climate chamber (22.5 m3, air change rate at 3.2 h–1) occupied by four seated human volunteers using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry gas chromatography spectrometry. Experiments with whole body, breath-only, dermal-only emissions were performed under ozone-free ozone-present conditions....
During LBA‐CLAIRE‐98, we found atmospheric layers with aged biomass smoke at altitudes >10 km over Suriname. CO, CO 2 , acetonitrile, methyl chloride, hydrocarbons, NO, O 3 and aerosols were strongly enhanced in these layers. We estimate that 80–95% of accumulation mode had been removed during convective transport. Trajectories show the plumes originated from large fires near Brazil/Venezuela border March 1998. This was entrained into deep convection northern Amazon, transported out...
The concept of ozone production efficiency (OPE) per unit NO x is based on photochemical models and provides a tool with which to assess potential regional tropospheric control strategies involving emissions reductions. An aircraft study provided data from power plant removal rates measurement‐based estimates OPE are estimated. This was performed as part the Southern Oxidants Study‐1995 Nashville intensive focuses evolution , SO 2 concentrations in plumes during transport. Two approaches...
Abstract. Hydroxyl (OH) radicals play a vital role in maintaining the oxidizing capacity of atmosphere. To understand variations OH both source and sink terms must be understood. Currently overall term, or total atmospheric reactivity to OH, is poorly constrained. Here, we present new on-line method directly measure (i.e.~total loss rate radicals) sampled air mass. In this method, reactive molecule (X), not normally air, passed through glass reactor its concentration monitored with suitable...
Abstract. We have combined the first satellite maps of global distribution phytoplankton functional type and new measurements phytoplankton-specific isoprene productivities, with available remote marine observations a model, to evaluate our understanding source its impacts on organic aerosol abundances. Using products scale up data productivity oceans, we infer mean "bottom-up" oceanic emission 0.31±0.08 (1σ) Tg/yr. By minimising bias between model in atmosphere from continents, produce...
Abstract. We use a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to interpret new aircraft, surface, and oceanic observations of methanol in terms the constraints that they place on atmospheric budget. Recent measurements concentrations ocean mixed layer (OML) imply situ biological production must be main source OML, dominating over uptake from atmosphere. It follows emission viewed as independent deduce marine biosphere is large primary (85 Tg a−1) atmosphere also sink (101 a−1),...
Ship-borne ozone (O 3 ) measurements over the Atlantic Ocean during period from 1977 to 2002 show that O trends in northern mid-latitudes are small. In contrast, remarkably large occur at low latitudes and Southern Hemisphere, where near-surface has increased by up a factor of 2. The likely cause is substantial increase anthropogenic emissions nitrogen oxides (NO x associated with energy use Africa, which added NO biomass burning natural sources.
A West ‐East crossing of the Tropical Atlantic during Meteor cruise 55 included measurements organic species within atmospheric marine boundary layer and upper ocean. Acetone, methanol, acetonitrile DMS were measured between 10–0°N 35°W–5°E, on either side ITCZ. Methanol acetone concentrations higher in northern hemisphere, both surface seawater atmosphere whereas showed no significant interhemispheric gradient. Three depth profiles from 0–200 m for these measured. generally decreased with...
Environmental context. Laboratory incubation experiments and shipboard measurements in the Southern Atlantic Ocean have provided first evidence for marine production of monoterpenes. Nine phytoplankton monocultures were investigated using a GC-MS equipped with an enantiomerically-selective column found to emit monoterpenes including (–)-/(+)-pinene, limonene p-ocimene, all which previously thought be exclusively terrestrial origin. Maximum levels 100–200 pptv total encountered when ship...
Abstract. Volatile halogenated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine, which are naturally produced in the ocean, involved ozone depletion both troposphere stratosphere. Three prominent transporting large amounts of marine halogens into atmosphere bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2) methyl iodide (CH3I). The input to stratosphere has been estimated from observations modelling studies using low-resolution oceanic emission scenarios derived top-down approaches. In order improve...
Air pollution is growing fastest in monsoon-affected South Asia. During the dry winter monsoon, fumes disperse toward Indian Ocean, creating a vast haze, but their fate during wet summer monsoon has been unclear. We performed atmospheric chemistry measurements by aircraft Oxidation Mechanism Observations campaign, sampling outflow upper troposphere between Mediterranean and Ocean. The measurements, supported model calculations, show that sustains remarkably efficient cleansing mechanism...
Abstract. The GABRIEL airborne field measurement campaign, conducted over the Guyanas in October 2005, produced measurements of hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration which are significantly higher than can be simulated using current generation models atmospheric chemistry. Based on hypothesis that this "missing OH" is due to an as-yet undiscovered mechanism for recycling OH during oxidation chain isoprene, we determine about 40–50% (compared with 5–10% isoprene mechanisms) necessary order our...