Information environments have the power to affect people's perceptions and behaviors. In this paper, we present results of studies in which characterize gender bias image search for a variety occupations. We experimentally evaluate effects on images people choose represent those careers prevalence men women each occupation. find evidence both stereotype exaggeration systematic underrepresentation results. also that rate higher when they are consistent with stereotypes career, shifting...

Data from multifactor HCI experiments often violates the assumptions of parametric tests (i.e., nonconforming data). The Aligned Rank Transform (ART) has become a popular nonparametric analysis in that can find main and interaction effects data, but leads to incorrect results when used conduct post hoc contrast tests. We created new algorithm called ART-C for conducting within ART paradigm validated it on 72,000 synthetic data sets. Our indicate does not inflate Type I error rates, unlike...

Users often rely on realtime predictions in everyday contexts like riding the bus, but may not grasp that such are subject to uncertainty. Existing uncertainty visualizations align with user needs or how they naturally reason about probability. We present a novel mobile interface design and visualization of for transit phones based discrete outcomes. To develop it, we identified domain specific requirements visualizing prediction through: 1) literature review, 2) large survey users popular...

Everyday predictive systems typically present point predictions, making it hard for people to account uncertainty when decisions. Evaluations of displays transit prediction have assessed people's ability extract probabilities, but not the quality their In a controlled, incentivized experiment, we had subjects decide catch bus using with textual uncertainty, visualizations, or no-uncertainty (control). Frequency-based visualizations previously shown allow better probabilities (quantile...

The grammar of graphics is ubiquitous, providing the foundation for a variety popular visualization tools and toolkits. Yet support uncertainty in graphics—beyond simple variations error bars, bands, density plots—remains rudimentary. Research has developed rich improved visualizations, most which are difficult to create existing implementations. ggdist, an extension ggplot2 toolkit, attempt rectify this situation. ggdist unifies types through lens distributional visualization, allowing...

The grammar of graphics is ubiquitous, providing the foundation for a variety popular visualization tools and toolkits. Yet support uncertainty in graphics—beyond simple variations error bars, bands, density plots—remains rudimentary. Research has developed rich improved visualizations, most which are difficult to create existing implementations. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ggdist</i> , an extension...

The bedroom environment can have a significant impact on the quality of person's sleep. Experts recommend sleeping in room that is cool, dark, quiet, and free from disruptors to ensure best However, it sometimes difficult for person assess which factors may be causing disrupted In this paper, we present design, implementation, initial evaluation capture access system, called Lullaby. Lullaby combines temperature, light, motion sensors, audio photos, an off-the-shelf sleep sensor provide...

Understanding and accounting for uncertainty is critical to effectively reasoning about visualized data. However, evaluating the impact of an visualization complex due difficulties that people have interpreting challenge defining correct behavior with information. Currently, evaluators must rely on general purpose evaluation frameworks which can be ill-equipped provide guidance unique assessing judgments under uncertainty. To help navigate these complexities, we present a taxonomy...

The authors present an approach for designing self-monitoring technology called "semi-automated tracking," which combines both manual and automated data collection methods. Through this approach, they aim to lower the capture burdens, collect that is typically hard track automatically, promote awareness help people achieve their goals. They first specify three design considerations semi-automated tracking: feasibility, purpose of self-monitoring, motivation level. then provide examples...

Manual tracking of health behaviors affords many benefits, including increased awareness and engagement. However, the capture burden makes long-term manual challenging. In this study on sleep tracking, we examine ways to reduce while leveraging its benefits. We report design evaluation SleepTight, a low-burden, self-monitoring tool that leverages Android's widgets both improve access information. Through four-week deployment (N = 22), found participants who used SleepTight with enabled had...

Animated representations of outcomes drawn from distributions (hypothetical outcome plots, or HOPs) are used in the media and other public venues to communicate uncertainty. HOPs greatly improve multivariate probability estimation over conventional static uncertainty visualizations leverage ability visual system quickly, accurately, automatically process summary statistical properties ensembles. However, it is unclear how well support applied tasks resembling real world judgments posed...

We present explorable multiverse analysis reports, a new approach to statistical reporting where readers of research papers can explore alternative options by interacting with the paper itself. This draws from two recent ideas: i) analysis, philosophy authors report outcomes many different analyses in order show how fragile or robust their findings are; and ii) explanations, narratives that be read as normal explanations but reader also become active dynamically changing some elements...

Models of human perception - including perceptual "laws" can be valuable tools for deriving visualization design recommendations. However, it is important to assess the explanatory power such models when using them inform design. We present a secondary analysis data previously used rank effectiveness bivariate visualizations assessing correlation (measured with Pearson's r) according well-known Weber-Fechner Law. Beginning model Harrison et al. [1], we sequence refinements incorporation...

A core tradition of HCI lies in the experimental evaluation effects techniques and interfaces to determine if they are useful for achieving their purpose. However, our individual analyses tend stand alone, study results rarely accrue more precise estimates via meta-analysis: a literature search, we found only 56 meta-analyses ACM Digital Library, 3 which were published at CHI (often called top venue). Yet meta-analysis is gold standard demonstrating robust quantitative knowledge. We treat...

Throughout the day, our alertness levels change and cognitive performance fluctuates. The creation of technology that can adapt to such variations requires reliable measurement with ecological validity. Our study is first collect data in wild using clinically validated Psychomotor Vigilance Test. With 20 participants over 40 days, we find oscillate approximately 30% depending on time body clock type Daylight Savings Time, hours slept, stimulant intake influence as well. Based these findings,...

Uncertainty visualizations often emphasize point estimates to support magnitude or decisions through visual comparison. However, when design choices means, users may overlook uncertainty information and misinterpret distance as a proxy for effect size. We present findings from mixed experiment on Mechanical Turk which tests eight visualization designs: 95% containment intervals, hypothetical outcome plots, densities, quantile dotplots, each with without means added. find that adding has...

Desirable outcomes such as health are tightly linked to behaviors, thus inspiring research on technologies that support people in changing those behaviors. Many behavior-change designed by HCI experts but this approach can make it difficult personalize each user's unique goals and needs. This paper reports the iterative design of two complementary strategies for helping users create their own personalized plans via self-experimentation: One emphasized use interactive instructional materials,...

In the semiconductor reliability community, soft error research has primarily focused on neutrons and alpha particles. However, there are certain situations environments in which high-energy electrons may also lead to errors. this paper, we show that high energy secondary particles created by them capable of producing dependence electron-induced errors a 28 nm bulk CMOS SRAM-based FPGA is recorded. Error rates measured both embedded RAM configuration FPGA. This paper first explore...

Our body clock causes considerable variations in our behavioral, mental, and physical processes, including alertness, throughout the day. While much research has studied technology usage patterns, potential impact of underlying biological processes on these patterns is under-explored. Using data from 20 participants over 40 days, this paper presents first study to connect mobile application with contributing factors. Among other results, we find that vary for individuals different types,...

Significance The United States witnessed large, persistent measles outbreaks in 2019, nearly losing its elimination status, despite achieving national vaccination coverage above the World Health Organization recommendation of 95%. Previous research showed that high-coverage contexts are driven by spatially clustered nonvaccination, locally depressing immunity levels. We perform a series computational experiments to assess impact clustering nonvaccination on outbreak potential and how disease...

When forecasting events, multiple types of uncertainty are often inherently present in the modeling process. Various typologies exist, and each type has different implications a scientist might want to convey. In this work, we focus on one distinction between direct quantitative indirect qualitative uncertainty. Direct describes about facts, numbers, hypotheses that can be communicated absolute forms such as probability distributions or confidence intervals. Indirect quality knowledge...