To evaluate whether experimentally induced dry eye in mice activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), extracellular-regulated (ERK), and p38 stimulates ocular surface inflammation.129SvEv/CD-1 mixed aged 6 to 8 weeks were treated with systemic scopolamine exposure an air draft for different lengths of time, from 4 hours 10 days. Untreated used as the control. The concentrations IL-1beta TNF-alpha tear fluid washings corneal...

This study evaluated proposed molecular markers related to stem cell (SC) properties with the intention of characterizing a putative SC phenotype in human limbal epithelia. Human corneal and tissues were cut vertical horizontal meridians for histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunostaining. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) situ hybridization used evaluate gene expression. TEM showed that basal cells small primitive cells....

To investigate whether exposure of human corneal epithelial cells to hyperosmotic stress activates the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) stress-activated protein (SAPK) pathway, and stimulates production matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): gelatinase (MMP-9), collagenases (MMP-1 -13), stromelysin (MMP-3).Primary cultured in normal osmolar medium (312 mOsM) were exposed media with higher osmolarity (350-500 achieved by adding NaCl, or without SB202190, an inhibitor JNK pathway; dexamethasone;...

Signals transmitted from mesenchyme to epithelia or vice versa constitute the basis of reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. As a first step toward understanding interactions on ocular surface where transit amplifying cell-containing corneal epithelium is anatomically separated stem limbal epithelium, we sought characterize expression patterns cytokines and their receptors by primary epithelial early-passaged fibroblast cultures human cornea limbus. Northern hybridization with...

Purpose. To investigate whether hyperosmolar stress stimulates production of inflammatory mediators and activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, c-jun n-terminal kinases (JNKs), extracellular-regulated (ERKs), p38 on mouse ocular surface. Methods. 129SvEv/CD-1 mixed mice were treated with a balanced salt solution (BSS) (305 mOsM) or hyperosmotic saline (HOSS) (500 mOsM). Untreated age-matched used as controls. The concentrations interleukin 1β (IL-1β) tumor...

ABCG2, a member of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, has been identified as molecular determinant for bone marrow stem cells and proposed universal marker cells. This study investigates ABCG2 expression its potential that identifies human limbal epithelial was evaluated by immunofluorescent immunohistochemical staining, laser scanning confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Cells selected from primary cultures...

purpose. To evaluate to effect of experimental dry eye on ocular surface apoptosis. methods. Aqueous tear production and clearance were inhibited by systemic administration scopolamine exposure an air draft for 12 days in 4- 6-week-old 129SvEv/CD-1 mixed white mice. Eyes adnexa excised, cryosectioned, evaluated apoptosis terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, immunohistochemical assay caspase-3 poly(ADP-ribose) phosphate (PARP),...

When used as an alternative substrate following bare sclera removal of pterygium and other ocular surface diseases, amniotic membrane transplantation can reduce scarring on the reconstructed conjunctival surface. This study was carried out to determine if (AM) suppresses expression TGFb signaling system in cultured normal (HCF) pterygial body fibroblasts (PBF).HCF PBF were AM plastic wells serum-containing serum-free DMEM with or without TGF-beta1. Total RNA extracted subjected Northern...

Abstract Background Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been shown to play important roles in various physiological processes, including plant growth and development, abiotic biotic stress responses hormone signaling plants. Results In this study, we performed a bioinformatics analysis of the entire maize genome identified 40 CDPK genes. Phylogenetic indicated that ZmCPKs can be divided into four groups. Most genes exhibited different expression levels tissues developmental...

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins accumulate to high levels during the late stage of seed maturation and in response water deficit, are involved protecting higher plants from damage caused by environmental stresses, especially drought. In present study, a novel maize (Zea mays L.) group 3 LEA gene, ZmLEA3, was identified later characterized using transgenic tobacco investigate its functions abiotic biotic stresses. Transcript accumulation demonstrated that ZmLEA3 induced leaves...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are signalling modules that transduce extracellular to a range of cellular responses. Plant MAPK have been implicated in development and stress response. In this study, we isolated novel group C MAPKK gene, ZmMKK4, from maize. Northern blotting analysis revealed the ZmMKK4 transcript expression was up-regulated by cold, high salt exogenous H(2)O(2,) but down-regulated abscisic acid (ABA). Over-expression Arabidopsis conferred tolerance cold...

To evaluate the mechanism of apical corneal epithelial barrier disruption in response to experimental ocular surface desiccation and effects two anti-inflammatory agents (methylprednisolone doxycycline) on this process.Experimental dry eye (EDE) was created C57BL/6 mice, without or with topical therapy, 1% methylprednisolone, 0.025% doxycycline, physiologic saline solution (PSS) four times per day. Corneal smoothness Oregon green dextran (OGD) permeability were assessed. Desquamation...

To determine the effects of experimental dryness on production matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their physiological inhibitors (TIMPs) by corneal epithelium.Experimental dry eye (EDE) was created in two strains mice: BALB/c C57BL/6. Real-time PCR performed with MMP TIMP probes, results were analyzed comparative C(T) method, selecting relative mRNA levels untreated control samples as calibrator. Immunofluorescent staining specific antibodies immunolocalized proteins situ. enzymatic...

To study whether hyperosmolarity induces apoptosis in human corneal epithelial cells through cytochrome c-mediated death pathways and by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs).Primary cultured normal osmolar media (312 mOsM) were switched to hyperosmolar (450, 500, 550 adding 70, 90, 120 mM NaCl, respectively, with or without the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SB202190 extracellular-regulated (ERK) PD98059. Apoptosis was assessed ApopTag In Situ Oligo Ligation...

To evaluate the effects of desiccating ocular surface stress on expression chemokines and their receptors by corneal epithelium conjunctiva C57BL/6 BALB/c mice.Experimental dry eye was created in mice. The concentrations macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, monokine induced interferon (MIG)-gamma, interferon-gamma-inducible (IP)-10 epithelia were measured a multiplex immunobead assay. Expression MIP-1alpha; MIP-1beta; regulated activation, normal T-cell expressed...

Oxidative stress has been known to be involved in pathogenesis of dry eye disease. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated the relationship between hyperosmolarity and oxidative damage human ocular surface. This study was explore whether how induces markers primary corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Primary HCECs were established from donor limbal explants. The model made cultured isosmolar (312 mOsM) or hyperosmotic (350, 400, 450 media. Production reactive oxygen species...