The field of microfluidics has yet to develop practical devices that provide real clinical value. One the main reasons for this is difficulty in realizing low-cost, sensitive, reproducible, and portable analyte detection microfluidic systems. Previous research addressed two approaches technologies lab-on-a-chip devices: (a) study compatibility conventional instrumentation with structures, (b) integration innovative sensors contained within system. Despite recent advances electrochemical...

A picogram-sensitive optical microfluidic biosensor using an integrated polycarbazole photodiode is developed. The photodetector mainly composed of the blend heterojunction poly [N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as hole transport layer. Analyte detection accomplished via a chemiluminescent immunoassay...

An analytical expression for shot noise in a correlated sequential tunneling current has been derived by solving the master equation exactly, with Pauli correlation as special case. Our theory is applied to Coulomb-blockade single-electron system two tunnel junctions. Given capacitances and resistances of system, temperature dependence bias-voltage spectrum entire range frequency have analyzed detail. We demonstrated that more sensitive bias voltage than itself voltage. Therefore,...

This paper presents a new approach for the design of film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) with high-quality factor ${Q}_{a}$ at antiresonant frequency ${f}_{a}$ . Lamb waves are among main contributors to loss energy and deterioration The targeted is an optimization process dual-step frame structure alleviate problem Such combination two neighboring steps that have different impedances reflecting modes carry largest amount energy. dimensions these computed using diffraction grating method....

This paper presents a single-sided impedance matching technique, i.e., from only the transmitter or receiver side, using switchable interspiraled coil. technique is suited for active in magnetic resonance wireless power transfer. The coil consists of 9 selectable, single-turn coils placed in-between 9.5 turns spiraled resonator with an inductance approximately <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math...

In this paper, we derive and compare the linear static bending of piezoelectric actuators with transversal ( ) longitudinal coupling. The transducers are, respectively, structures utilizing top bottom electrodes (TBEs) interdigitated (IDEs). While theory is well developed for TBE beam, governing equations beams IDEs are far less developed. We improve on by deriving equation IDE beam an arbitrary number layers coupling consistently included. addition, introduce a phenomenological quadratic...

A general expression is given for the change in free energy when a charge tunnels through junction one-dimensional array of N metallic islands with arbitrary capacitances and background charges. This used to obtain expressions (average) threshold voltage Coulomb blockade few characteristic geometries. We find that including random charges has large effect on N-dependence voltage: In an identical C gate C_g, voltage, averaged over charge, proportional N^a, where {a} crosses from 1/2 1 becomes...

In this paper, the Q-factor enhancement of Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator (FBAR) with Type-II dispersion is investigated. Our purpose to improve Q-factors resonator, especially one at anti-resonance frequency (f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</inf> ), by application a frame structure on its periphery. The performs as lateral acoustic Bragg reflector, which able reflect two Lamb modes S...

In this paper we present the design and fabrication of an RF MEMS tunable band-pass fllter. The fllter uses both distributed transmission lines capacitances together to replace lumped elements. use variable gives ∞exibility tuning centre frequency band-width A prototype is realized using parallel plate capacitances. shunt series are formed by a combination bridges cantilevers. operates at C-X band. measurement results agree well with simulation results.

In this paper, a new method to characterize ferroelectric thin films with interdigitated electrodes is presented. To obtain accurate properties, all parasitic contributions should be subtracted from the measurement results and models for film are required. Hence, we introduce phenomenological model capacitance. Moreover, two common analytical based on conformal transformations compared used calculate capacitance electric field. With approximation, simplified field formulas derived. By using...

Mutual capacitance touch screens translate billions of finger touches to digital signals around the world daily. By enabling these detect ungrounded objects, it may be possible extend their functionality by detecting tangible user interface objects on screen surface. This paper presents results from finite-element method simulations, as well experiments, showing that mutual panel sensing principle can used objects. Looking into how different design parameters affect grounded and differently,...

Inductive and capacitive impedance matching are two different techniques optimizing power transfer in magnetic resonance inductive wireless transfer. Under ideal conditions, i.e., unrestricted parameter ranges no loss, both approaches can provide the perfect match. Comparing these under non-ideal to explore fundamental differences their performance, is a challenging task as fundamentally operation. In this paper, we accomplish such comparison by determining matchable impedances achievable...

Our previous work on finite-frequency shot noise S(\ensuremath{\omega}) in a correlated tunneling current has been extended to investigate the shot-noise behavior single-electron transistor (SET), with emphasis asymmetric SET. We found that both increase of asymmetry and gate voltage will broaden S(\ensuremath{\omega}), S(0) is further suppressed by capacitance. At low bias voltage, condition obtained under which spectrum white (frequency-independent). have also demonstrated at quantitative...

The competition between various carbohydrates in the binding to Concanavalin A (Con A) can be exploited gravimetric microsensors that detect changes mass or viscoelasticity as a function of glucose concentration. Such sensors are based on immobilisation Con ligand specific element, and successful application requires property is retained. This paper presents simplified procedure quartz surface, common material for microsensors. Structural assessment with atomic force microscopy confirmed...

We have performed a full self-consistent many-body study, within the framework of random-phase approximation, on intrinsic bistability in double-barrier resonant-tunneling structures. found that exchange-correlation effect can suppress which may be produced by electrostatic feedback to potential charge accumulated quantum well. Our numerical results explain existing contradiction between affirmative theoretical prediction and negative experimental observation occurrence certain samples.

In this paper, we are going to present a model of spring constant and pull down voltage for non uniform RF MEMS cantilever. order reduce the voltage, it is usual use beam, which narrower close anchor wider at end or electrode area Compare beam have lower voltage. A comprehensive nonuniform cantilever developed through basic force deflection mechanism suspended

The dielectric properties of dual-layer PZT/ZrO 2 thin films were measured at microwave frequencies in both a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitor and coplanar waveguide (CPW) up to 50 GHz. Both PZT ZrO prepared by the chemical solution deposition method. loss film was approximately 0.08 30 GHz, much lower than that typical films. constants obtained using MIM with 360 nm PZT/65 CPW 420 PZT/280 47 130, respectively, Capacitance tunability ∼30% +25 V values indicate may be suitable for use...

This paper establishes the constitutive equations, or linear two-port models, of piezoelectric layered beams with interdigital electrodes (IDEs). The effect nontrivial field on transduction is analyzed. Based conformal mapping techniques, we derive new analytic expressions for capacitance, electric field, and electromechanical coupling factor an anisotropic dielectric IDE configuration top. capacitance permittivity can be treated as one isotropic permittivity. complex expression nonuniform...

A microscopic theory has been constructed to investigate tunneling current and shot noise in a normal-superconductor-normal (NSN) single-electron transistor (SET). In contrast the time-averaged current, time-dependent that determines depends on where circuit it is measured. For an even-parity superconducting ground state pair-tunneling dominating Andreev channel will be suppressed as one or both of two single-particle channels open up at increased bias voltages. With further increase bias,...

Piezoelectrically actuated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) lens structures can be composed of a clamped square elastic diaphragm partially covered with thin piezoelectric film leaving circular transparent region to form pupil. To model these lenses' linear static optoelectromechanical performance, the displacement approximated by combination basis functions, e.g., weighted Gegenbauer polynomials that satisfy boundary conditions along edges. However, such needs as much 120 degrees...