Grapes are one of the major fruit crops and they cultivated in many dry environments. This study comprehensively characterizes metabolic response grape berries exposed to water deficit at different developmental stages. Increases proline, branched-chain amino acids, phenylpropanoids, anthocyanins, free volatile organic compounds have been previously observed deficit. Integrating RNA-sequencing analysis transcriptome with large-scale central specialized metabolites, we reveal that these...

Adapting agriculture to climate change is driving the need for selection and breeding of drought-tolerant crops. The aim this study was identify key drought tolerance traits determine sequence their water potential thresholds across three grapevine cultivars with contrasting use behaviors, Grenache, Syrah, Semillon. We quantified differences in between combined determination other leaf-level (e.g. leaf turgor loss point, π TLP), vulnerability embolism (P50), hydraulic safety margin (HSM...

Background and Aims In recent years, increasing summer temperature, coupled with reduced erratic rainfall during the growing season, has induced accelerated fruit ripening in several regions, resulting an undesirable increase wine alcohol concentration. This study was designed to evaluate impact of canopy water management on grape sugar flavonoid accumulation, goal reducing concentration while conserving or enhancing phenolic substances. Methods Results 2011 2012, two irrigation treatments...

The development and accumulation of secondary metabolites in grapes determine wine color, taste, aroma. This study aimed to investigate the effect leaf removal before flowering, a practice recently introduced reduce cluster compactness Botrytis rot, on anthocyanin, tannin, methoxypyrazine concentrations 'Merlot' wines. Leaf flowering was compared with after an untreated control. No effects tannin anthocyanin were observed. Both treatments reduced levels 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP)...

Drought-acclimated vines maintained higher gas exchange compared to irrigated controls under water deficit; this effect is associated with modified leaf turgor but not improved petiole vulnerability cavitation. A key feature for the prosperity of plants changing environments plasticity their hydraulic system. In present research we studied regulation in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) that were first acclimated 39 days well-watered (WW), sustained deficit (SD), or transient—cycles...

Grape leaves provide the biochemical substrates for berry development. Thus, understanding regulation of grapevine leaf metabolism can aid in discerning processes fundamental to fruit development and quality. Here, temporal alterations Merlot grown under sufficient irrigation water deficit were monitored from veraison until harvest. The vines mediated stress gradually involving multiple strategies: osmotic adjustment, transcript-metabolite alteration shedding. Initially stomatal conductance...

Nighttime transpiration has been previously reported as a significant source of water loss in many species; however, there is need to determine if this trait plays key role the response drought. This study aimed magnitude, regulation and relative contribution whole plant water-use, nighttime stomatal conductance (gnight ) (Enight grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Our results showed that was relatively low compared daytime transpiration, decreases soil potentials were mainly explained by (gday...

SUMMARY The leaf of a deciduous species completes its life cycle in few months. During maturation, osmolyte accumulation leads to significant reduction the turgor loss point (Ψ TLP ), known marker for stomatal closure. Here we exposed two grapevine cultivars drought at three different times during growing season explore if seasonal decrease Ψ influences response drought. results showed shift conductance stem water potential (g s ~Ψ demonstrating that grapevines become increasingly tolerant...

Abstract Climate change is challenging the resilience of grapevine (Vitis), one most important crops worldwide. Adapting viticulture to a hotter and drier future will require multifaceted approach including breeding more drought-tolerant genotypes. In this study, we focused on plant hydraulics as multi-trait system that allows maintain hydraulic integrity gas exchange rates longer under drought. We quantified broad range drought-related traits within across Vitis species, created in silico...

Leaves grown at different light intensities exhibit considerable differences in physiology, morphology and anatomy. Because plant leaves develop over three dimensions, analyses of the leaf structure should account for lengths, surfaces, as well volumes. In this manuscript, we set out to disentangle mesophyll surface area available diffusion per (

Leaf removal is a viticultural practice applied to improve cluster microclimate and grape composition. This can reduce the incidence of bunch rot but could also promote degradation berry methoxypyrazines, key components for aromatic profile 'Sauvignon blanc' wines. The influence cluster-zone leaf removal, after set, was evaluated on grapevines grown in Isonzo DOC region (Italy). In 2010 2011, yield fruit chemical composition were recorded from vines which five basal leaves each single shoot...

'Refosco dal peduncolo rosso' is a late-ripening and low-yielding red grape variety, mainly cultivated in Northeastern Italy (Veneto Friuli Venezia Giulia), characterized by relatively high anthocyanins average-to-low tannins concentrations. Under Friuli's climatic conditions, it often challenging to maintain the Refosco rosso grapes hanging on vines long enough match complete berry maturation before rain season starts. Therefore, winegrowers normally perform cluster thinning order enhance...

1. We studied the relationship between changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determined as inulin clearance (CIn), and renal blood flow (RBF), p-aminohippurate (CPAH), after ingestion of a large (1.35 +/- SEM 0.04 g/kg, n = 9), moderate (1.08 0.03 10) or mild (0.55 0.02 8) protein load given meat meal. Control subjects (n received carbohydrate 2. CIn CPAH increased Two hours eating test meal, GFR levels were (mean SEM) 160.0 13.8 (P less than 0.05), 141 7.69 127.8 9.07 ml/min groups...

Early leaf removal around the cluster zone is a common technique applied in cool climate viticulture, to regulate yield components and improve fruit quality. Despite increasing amount of information on early its impact total soluble solids, anthocyanins, polyphenols, less known regarding aroma compounds. In order verify hypothesis that defoliation, before or after flowering, could biosynthesis thiol precursors, we performed two year (2013 2014) experiment Sauvignon blanc. We provided...

Postveraison water deficit is a common strategy implemented to improve fruit composition in many wine-growing regions. However, contrasting results are often reported on size and composition, challenge for generalizing the positive impact of this technique. Our research investigated effect (WD) imposed at veraison Merlot grapevines, during two experimental seasons (2014-2015). In both years WD resulted reduced carbon assimilation rates leaf shedding. treatment analyzed berry parameters...

In grapevine, the anatomy of xylem conduits and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) content associated living parenchyma are expected to influence water transport under limitation. fact, both NSC features play a role in plant recovery from drought stress. We evaluated these traits petioles Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) Syrah (SY) cultivars during stress (WS) recovery. CS, response was consumption, supporting hypothesis that starch mobilization is related an increased supply maltose sucrose,...

Aim. We aimed to study the impact of water deficit on concentration key flavour and phenolic secondary metabolites wines.Methods results. A drought-stress field trial was conducted Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot Tocai Friulano for two seasons. Fully irrigated (C) (D) grapes were microvinified resulting wines analysed determine concentrations anthocyanins, tannins, free glycosidically-bound Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). descriptive sensory test undertaken same wines. Water stressed produced...

In recent years, the validity of embolism quantification methods has been questioned, especially for long-vesseled plants. Some studies have suggested that cutting xylem while under tension, even water, might generate artificial cavitation. Accordingly, a rehydration procedure prior to hydraulic measurements recommended avoid this artefact. On other hand, concerns raised refilling occur when samples are rehydrated. Here, we explore potential biases affecting grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)...

The lower expression at veraison of several ripening master regulators "switch genes" can play a central role in the induction berry shrivel physiological disorder grapevine. Berry (BS) is affecting grape with visible symptoms appearing after veraison. leads to shrinking berries reduced weight and content sugars anthocyanins. In this study, for first time transcriptomic analysis coupled selected metabolites quantification was undertaken understand metabolic modifications induced by disorder....

Intensity of drought stress and pest attacks is forecasted to increase in the near future posing a serious threat natural agricultural ecosystems. Knowledge on potential effects combined abiotic-biotic whole-plant physiology lacking. We monitored water status carbon metabolism vine rootstock with or without scion subjected shortening and/or infestation sucking insect phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch). measured non-structural carbohydrates biomass different plant organs assess...

Abstract Drought is becoming more frequent and severe in numerous wine‐growing regions. Nevertheless, limited research has examined the legacy of recurrent droughts, focusing on leaf physiology anatomy over consecutive seasons. We investigated drought legacies (after 2 years exposure) potted grapevines, stomatal behaviour under well‐watered conditions during third year. Vines were subjected for two to short‐ (SD) or long‐term (LD) seasonal (WW). In year, all plants grown without water...

In red varieties, berry color change from green to is one of the first events associated with ripening and often used as an indicator veraison by viticulturists. Water deficit can accelerate increase pigment accumulation in skin. The impact water on timing progression vineyard has been largely overlooked. Here we present three years observations (2011 2013) Merlot vines subjected (WD) or irrigation (C) regimes. did not affect date at which berries started changing 2011 2012, but pigmentation...