Within an isospin- and momentum-dependent hadronic transport model, it is shown that the recent FOPI data on ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ ratio in central heavy-ion collisions at SIS/GSI energies [Willy Reisdorf et al., Nucl. Phys. A 781, 459 (2007)] provide circumstantial evidence suggesting a rather soft nuclear symmetry energy ${E}_{\mathrm{sym}}(\ensuremath{\rho})$ $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\ge}2{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$ compared to...

Using an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model we study near-threshold pion production in heavy-ion collisions induced by radioactive beams at the planned rare isotope accelerator (RIA). We revisit question of probing high-density behavior nuclear symmetry energy ${E}_{\mathrm{sym}}(\ensuremath{\rho})$ using ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ ratio. It is found that both total differential ratios remain sensitive to when momentum-dependence isoscalar...

We demonstrate the consistency of quark deconfinement phase transition parameters in beta-stable neutron star matter and nearly symmetric nuclear formed heavy-ion collisions (HICs). investigate proton $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ flow $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ at 3 $4.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{nucleon}$ incident beam energies with pure hadron cascade version a multiphase transport model. The HICs stars is described based on class hybrid equations state from mean-field model...

The double neutron/proton ratio of nucleon emissions taken from two reaction systems using four isotopes the same element, namely, in neutron-rich system over that more symmetric system, has advantage reducing systematically influence Coulomb force and normally poor efficiencies detecting low energy neutrons. thus suffers less systematic errors. Within IBUU04 transport model is shown to have about sensitivity density dependence nuclear symmetry as single involved. therefore useful for...

The short-range correlation (SRC) induced by the tensor force in isosinglet neutron-proton interaction channel leads to a high-momentum tail (HMT) single-nucleon momentum distributions n(k) nuclei. Owing remaining uncertainties about force, shape of nucleon HMT may be significantly different from dilute interacting Fermi gas model prediction $n(k) \sim1/k^4$ similar cold atoms near unitary limit. Within an isospin- and momentum-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport incorporating...

Based on the isospin- and momentum-dependent hadronic transport model IBUU04, effects of nuclear symmetry energy single double ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ ratios in central reactions $^{132}\mathrm{Sn}+^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ $^{112}\mathrm{Sn}+^{112}\mathrm{Sn}$ at a beam 400 MeV/nucleon are studied. It is found that around Coulomb peak ratio taken from two isotopic retains about same sensitivity to density dependence energy. Because can significantly reduce...

Recent beam energy scan experiments at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider by STAR Collaboration [Phys. Lett. B 827, 137003 (2022) and Phys. Rev. 128, 202303 (2022)] found that hadronic interactions dominate collective flow proton cumulant ratios are driven baryon number conservation in a region of high density $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=3$ GeV $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ reactions, indicating dense medium formed such collisions is likely matter. Within an updated relativistic transport model with...

A systematic study of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions with same neutron/proton but different masses can help single out effects nuclear mean field on pion production. Based simulations using IBUU04 transport model, it is found that head-on $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}+^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{124}\mathrm{Sn}+^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$, and $^{197}\mathrm{Au}+^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ at beam energies from 0.25 to 0.6 GeV/nucleon increases increasing system...

Within the framework of isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (IBUU) transport model, we studied effects pion potential and symmetry energy on production in central $^{197}\mathrm{Au}+^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ collisions around threshold. It is found that has opposite value ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ ratio at low high energies. The effect total becomes larger heavy-ion beam energies below At threshold, with potential, smaller compared above

Within two different frameworks of isospin-dependent transport model, effect nuclear symmetry energy at supradensities on the isospin-fractionation (IsoF) was investigated. With positive/negative potential (i.e., values increase/decrease with density above saturation density), for energetic nucleons, value neutron to proton ratio free nucleons is larger/smaller than that bound nucleon fragments. Compared extensively studied quantitative observables energy, normal or abnormal can be a...

By considering both the effects of nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations and isospin-dependent in-medium inelastic baryon-baryon scattering cross section in transport model, two unrelated Au + experimental measurements at 400 MeV/nucleon beam energy are simultaneously analyzed, a mildly soft symmetry ($L({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0})=37$ MeV) supra-saturation densities is obtained. This result compatible with recent [Phys. Rev. C 92, 064304 (2015)] shown by comparing available data on electric...

Within an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model for nuclear reactions at intermediate energies, we investigate the interplay of nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations (SRCs) symmetry energy ${E}_{\text{sym}}(\ensuremath{\rho})$ on hard-photon spectra in collisions several Ca isotopes $^{112}\mathrm{Sn}$ $^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ targets a beam 45 MeV/nucleon. It is found that over whole hard photons studied, effects SRCs overwhelm those owing to ${E}_{\text{sym}}(\ensuremath{\rho})$....

Recent studies at Jefferson Lab show that there are a certain proportion of nucleons in nuclei have momenta greater than the so-called nuclear Fermi momentum $p_{F}$. Based on transport model nucleus-nucleus collisions intermediate energies, nucleon high caused by neutron-proton short-range correlations is constrained comparing with $\pi$ and photon experimental data considering some uncertainties. The cutoff value $p_{max}$ $\leq$ 2$p_{F}$ obtained.

The double neutron-proton differential transverse flow taken from two reaction systems using different isotopes of the same element is studied at incident beam energies 400 and 800 MeV/nucleon within framework an isospin- momentum-dependent hadronic transport model IBUU04. found to retain about sensitivity density dependence nuclear symmetry energy as single in more neutron-rich reaction. Because reduces significantly both systematic errors influence Coulomb force, it thus effective probe...

Using a transport model coupled with phase-space coalescence afterburner, we study the triton-$^{3}\mathrm{He}$ ($t\text{\ensuremath{-}}$$^{3}\mathrm{He}$) ratio both relative and differential transverse flows in semicentral $^{132}\mathrm{Sn}+^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ reactions at beam energy of $400$ MeV/nucleon. The neutron-proton ratios are also discussed as reference. We find that similar to pairs, $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}$$^{3}\mathrm{He}$ pairs carry interesting information regarding density...

Pion production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at intermediate energies was modeled the framework of isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model. The effects nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations initialization and mean-field potential, in-medium baryon-baryon elastic inelastic cross sections, pion effect are all considered this It is found that ratio yields ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{and}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ Au + reaction 400...

Double strangeness $\Xi^{-}$ production in Au+Au collisions at 2, 4, and 6 GeV/nucleon incident beam energies is studied with the pure hadron cascade version of a multi-phase transport model. It found that due to larger nuclear compression, model soft equation state (EoS) gives yields both single ($K^{+}$ $\Lambda+\Sigma^{0}$) double $\Xi^{-}$. The sensitivity EoS evidently than $K^{+}$ or $\Lambda+\Sigma^{0}$ since phase-space distribution produced more compact compared those strangeness....

Based on the extended hadronic transport model of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, incompressibility dense matter created in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=3$ GeV is studied. By comparing experimental proton directed flow, productions strange hadrons $\ensuremath{\phi}$, ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ as well their ratio $\ensuremath{\phi}/{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, high-order cumulants to calculations, a large obtained from nucleon observabels while rather small needed fit...

Within a transport model it is shown that the neutron/proton ratio of squeezed-out nucleons perpendicular to reaction plane, especially at high transverse momenta, in heavy-ion reactions induced by energy neutron-rich nuclei can be useful tool for studying density behavior nuclear symmetry energy.

With the improved particular isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model including nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations, ratios and yields of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ in $\mathrm{Sn}+\mathrm{Sn}$ systems with different asymmetries at 270 MeV/nucleon are studied. It is found that their characterized by neutron to proton obtained from very recent $\mathrm{S}\ensuremath{\pi}\mathrm{RIT}$ pion data quite well described model, especially...

Using an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model we study the emission of free nucleons nuclear radial flow in central heavy-ion collisions induced by high-energy radioactive beams. The midrapidity neutron/proton ratio its transverse momentum dependence are found to be very sensitive high-density behavior symmetry energy. flow, however, depends only weakly on