A5041131914- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Gut microbiota and health
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Botanical Research and Chemistry
- Phytase and its Applications
- Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Rabbits: Nutrition, Reproduction, Health
- Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Coccidia and coccidiosis research
Scotland's Rural College
2018-2024
Aberystwyth University
2011-2022
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences
2011-2022
King's College Hospital
2018-2021
University of Exeter
2021
Estación Experimental del Zaidín
2017
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
2017
University College Dublin
2017
University of Leeds
2017
Cargill (Netherlands)
2014
Ruminant production is under increased public scrutiny in terms of the importance cattle and other ruminants as major producers greenhouse gas methane. Methanogenesis performed by methanogenic archaea, a specialised group microbes present several anaerobic environments including rumen. In rumen, methanogens utilise predominantly H2 CO2 substrates to produce methane, filling an important functional niche ecosystem. However, addition methanogens, also have influence on methane either because...
Methane production in ruminants has received global attention relation to its contribution the greenhouse gas effect and warming. In last two decades, research programs Europe, Oceania North America have explored a variety of approaches redirecting reducing equivalents towards other reductive substrates as means decreasing methane ruminants. Some such vaccination, biocontrols (bacteriophage, bacteriocins) chemical inhibitors directly target methanogens. Other approaches, defaunation, diet...
ABSTRACT A commercial blend of essential oil (EO) compounds was added to a grass, maize silage, and concentrate diet fed dairy cattle in order determine their influence on protein metabolism by ruminal microorganisms. EO inhibited ( P < 0.05) the rate deamination amino acids. Pure-culture studies indicated that species most sensitive were ammonia-hyperproducing bacteria anaerobic fungi.
The effects of including yeast culture (YC; Saccharomyces cerevisae plus growth medium; 5 × 109 organisms/g) in diets for ruminants was examined two experiments. In Exp. 1, 32 multiparous Friesian dairy cows were fed between wk 7 to 12 lactation one four completely mixed based on either hay or straw rolled barley (mixed give concentrate:forage ratios 50:50 60:40, respectively) with without 10 g YC/d a 23 factorial design. Supplementation YC increased DM intake the by mean 1.2 kg/d (P ≤ .062)...
Significance Agricultural methane emissions must be decreased by 11 to 30% of the 2010 level 2030 and 24 47% 2050 meet 1.5 °C target. We identified three strategies decrease product-based while increasing animal productivity five absolute without reducing productivity. Globally, 100% adoption most effective emission mitigation strategy can target but not 2050, because effects are offset projected increases in methane. On a regional level, Europe Africa may able their contribution target,...
Two suggested modes of action yeast in stimulating rumen fermentation were investigated. The first, that respiratory activity protects anaerobic bacteria from damage by O 2 , was tested using different strains had previously been shown to have differing abilities increase the viable count bacteria. Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 240, 1026, and commercial product Yea-Sacc®, added fluid vitro at 1·3 mg/ml, increased rate disappearance between 46 89%. same three preparations also stimulated...
There is increasing interest in exploiting natural products as feed additives to solve problems animal nutrition and livestock production.Essential oils saponins are two types of plant secondary compounds that hold promise for ruminants.This paper describes recent advances research into these additives.The has generally concentrated on protein metabolism.Dietary essential caused rates NH 3 production from amino acids ruminal fluid taken sheep cattle receiving the decrease, yet proteinase...
The importance of methanogenic bacteria associated with ciliate protozoa was estimated either by removing from whole rumen fluid (using defaunated to correct for the effects centrifugation on bacteria) or isolating protozoa. Rumen withdrawn sheep inoculated Polyplastron multivesiculatum, a co-culture Isotricha prostoma plus Entodinium spp. mixed type B fauna Entodinium, Eudiplodinium and Epidinium Methanogenesis highest in containing protozoal population following genera: Epidinium, lower...
A ruminal simulation device (Rusitec) was used to compare the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains NCYC 240, 694, 1026, 1088, and Yea-Sacc (a commercial product containing S. cerevisiae) on fermentation. 694 were grown malt extract at 30°C in aerated fed-batch culture harvested along with spent growth medium by freeze-drying. Each vessel received daily 20 g a basal diet consisting hay, barley, molasses, fishmeal, minerals/vitamins mixture 500, 299.5, 100, 91, 9.5 g/kg DM,...
In a replicated 3 × Latin square experiment, six heifers (443 ± 6.1 kg) fed 61% barley grain:39% alfalfa silage diet (DM basis) were given intraruminal doses of powdered Yucca schidigera (YS). Doses 0 (control), 20, or 60 g/d at 0800 daily. Ruminal content was sampled 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after dosing. Acidity, concentrations reducing sugars, free amino acids, peptides in the rumen not affected (P > .05) by YS. Relative to control, ruminal ammonia concentration reduced < 2 YS propionate...
An extract of the desert plant Yucca shidigera was assessed for its possible benefit in ruminal fermentation. The bound ammonia aqueous solution when concentrations were low (up to 0.4 mM) and added at a high concentration sample (20%, vol/vol). apparent ammonia-binding capability retained after autoclaving decreased slightly following dialysis. Acid-precipitated inactive. No evidence substantial binding found higher 30 mM). When Y. (1%, vol/vol) strained rumen fluid vitro, small (6%) but...
Samples and extracts of foliage from African multipurpose trees were screened for their effects on rumen protozoa bacteria with a view to predicting safety as feed supplements identifying species potential antiprotozoal activity. The tested Acacia aneura, Chamaecytisus palmensis, Brachychiton populneum, Flindersia maculosa, Sesbania sesban, Leucaena leucocephala Vernonia amyedalina. Antimicrobial mild except S. which was highly toxic in vitro, A. bacteria. factor sesban apparently associated...
The quality and yield of extracted DNA are critical for the majority downstream applications in molecular biology. Moreover, techniques such as quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) becoming increasingly widespread; thus, validation cross-laboratory comparison data require standardization upstream experimental procedures. extraction methods depend on type size starting material(s) used. As such, template is arguably most significant variable when cross-comparing from different laboratories....
Fifteen potential precursors of propionate were tested for their ability to decrease CH4 production by ruminal fluid in vitro. Sodium acrylate and sodium fumarate produced the most consistent effects batch cultures, with 50 % added being fermented decreasing between 8 17 %, respectively. Additives more effective when as free acids, but this also decreased pH may have inhibited fibre digestion. Changing dietary substrate from predominantly grass hay concentrate had no influence on...
It has been suggested that the ability of live yeast to improve milk yield and weight gain in cattle is because stimulates bacterial activity within rumen. However it remains unclear if this a general stimulation all species or specific certain species. Here we characterised change population rumen fed supplemental yeast. Three cannulated lactating cows received daily ration (24 kg/d) corn silage (61% DM), concentrates (30% dehydrated alfalfa (9% DM) minerals vitamins mix (1% DM). The effect...