A5011192474- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Irish and British Studies
- Contemporary Literature and Criticism
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Rabbits: Nutrition, Reproduction, Health
- Modernist Literature and Criticism
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Postcolonial and Cultural Literary Studies
- Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Gut microbiota and health
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Joseph Conrad and Literature
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Poetry Analysis and Criticism
- Short Stories in Global Literature
- Evelyn Waugh and Hans Urs von Balthasar Studies
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Scottish History and National Identity
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Robert Gordon University
2015-2023
Scotland's Rural College
2023
Aberystwyth University
2010-2020
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences
2010-2020
Australian National University
2020
CSIRO Health and Biosecurity
2020
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
2020
University of Liverpool
2009-2019
Institute of Environmental Science and Research
2011
University of Aberdeen
2002-2010
There is increasing interest in exploiting natural products as feed additives to solve problems animal nutrition and livestock production.Essential oils saponins are two types of plant secondary compounds that hold promise for ruminants.This paper describes recent advances research into these additives.The has generally concentrated on protein metabolism.Dietary essential caused rates NH 3 production from amino acids ruminal fluid taken sheep cattle receiving the decrease, yet proteinase...
The quality and yield of extracted DNA are critical for the majority downstream applications in molecular biology. Moreover, techniques such as quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) becoming increasingly widespread; thus, validation cross-laboratory comparison data require standardization upstream experimental procedures. extraction methods depend on type size starting material(s) used. As such, template is arguably most significant variable when cross-comparing from different laboratories....
It has been suggested that the ability of live yeast to improve milk yield and weight gain in cattle is because stimulates bacterial activity within rumen. However it remains unclear if this a general stimulation all species or specific certain species. Here we characterised change population rumen fed supplemental yeast. Three cannulated lactating cows received daily ration (24 kg/d) corn silage (61% DM), concentrates (30% dehydrated alfalfa (9% DM) minerals vitamins mix (1% DM). The effect...
The horizontal transfer of expressed genes from Bacteria into Ciliates which live in close contact with each other the rumen (the foregut ruminants) was studied using ciliate Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs). More than 4000 ESTs were sequenced representatives two major groups Cilates: order Entodiniomorphida (Entodinium simplex, Entodinium caudatum, Eudiplodinium maggii, Metadinium medium, Diploplastron affine, Polyplastron multivesiculatum and Epidinium ecaudatum) Vestibuliferida, previously...
Based on complete bacterial genome sequence data, we demonstrate a correlation between chromosome length and the G+C content of genome, with longer genomes having higher contents. The value decreases at shorter sizes, where there is wider spread values. However, although significant ( P <0.001), (Pearson R =0.58) suggests that other factors also have influence. A similar pattern was seen for plasmids; plasmids had values, large number wide There <0.0001) their host. Conversely,...
The aim of this study was to identify ruminal bacteria that form stearic acid (18 : 0) from linoleic (cis-9,cis-12-18 2). One 18 0-producing isolate, P-18, isolated the sheep rumen similar in morphology and metabolic properties 'Fusocillus' spp. many years ago. Phylogenetic analysis based on nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence (>1300 bp) indicated stearate producer most closely related Clostridium proteoclasticum B316(T). B316(T) also found 0, as were other elsewhere, which occurred...
Anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigales) are active degraders of fibrous plant material in the rumen. However, only limited information is available relating to how quickly they colonize ingested feed particles. The aim this study was determine dynamics initial colonization forage by anaerobic rumen and impact different postsampling wash procedures used remove loosely associated microorganisms. Neocallimastigales-specific molecular techniques were optimized ensure maximal coverage before...
This study aimed to determine the microbial composition of faeces from two groups caecotrophagic animals; rabbits and guinea pigs. In addition community present in different organs rabbit. DNA was extracted seven wild (n = 5) faecal samples domesticated 6) pigs 6). Partial regions small ribosomal sub-unit were amplified by PCR then sequences each sample determined next generation sequencing. Differences detected between rabbit pig faeces, suggesting that there is not a common animals. also...
ABSTRACT Excessive NH 3 production in the rumen is a major nutritional inefficiency ruminant animals. Experiments were undertaken to compare rates of from different substrates ruminal fluid vitro and assess role asaccharolytic bacteria production. Ruminal was taken four rumen-fistulated sheep receiving mixed hay-concentrate diet. The calculated rate Trypticase varied 1.8 19.7 nmol mg protein −1 min depending on substrate, its concentration, method used. Monensin (5 μM) inhibited proteins,...
The horse, as a hindgut fermenter, is reliant on its intestinal bacterial population for efficient diet utilisation. However, sudden disturbance of this can result in severe colic or laminitis, both which may require euthanasia. This study therefore aimed to determine the temporal stability faecal samples from six ponies maintained formulated high fibre diet. Bacterial 16S rRNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analyses 10 collected 6 at regular intervals over 72 hour...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical health problem, with systemic antimicrobial therapy driving development of AMR across the host spectrum. This study compares longitudinal carriage, at multiple timepoints, faecal Escherichia coli in dogs undergoing routine treatment. Faecal samples (n = 457) from 127) were examined pretreatment, immediately after treatment and 1 month 3 months post-treatment one five antimicrobials. Isolates tested for susceptibility to range antimicrobials using...
Abstract Gut microbiota have been associated with health, disease and behaviour in several species are an important link gut-brain axis communication. Diet plays a key role affecting the composition of gut microbiota. In horses, high-starch diets alter hindgut High-starch also increased behavioural reactivity horses. These changes may be associated. This study compares faecal 10 naïve ponies. A cross-over design was used experimental groups fed (HS) or high-fibre (HF) diets. Results showed...
The rumen protozoa, alongside fungi, comprise the eukaryotic portion of microbiome. Rumen protozoa may account for up to 50% biomass, yet their role in this ecosystem remains unclear. Early experiments inferred a carbohydrate and protein metabolism, but due close association with bacteria, definitively attributing these functions was challenging. advent 'omic technologies has created opportunities broaden our understanding protozoa. This study aimed utilise methods further that play terms...
Two similar gram-positive rods were isolated from 10(-6) dilutions of ruminal fluid a sheep receiving mixed grass hay/concentrate diet, using medium containing pancreatic casein hydrolysate as sole source carbon and energy. The isolates did not ferment sugars, but grew on pyruvate or trypticase, forming caproate the main fermentation product valerate to lesser extent. Acetate propionate utilized. One these strains, I-6T, was selected for further study. Strain I-6T non-motile coccal rod, 1.2...
Coagulase-positive (CoPS) and coagulase-negative (CoNS) staphylococci are normal commensals of the skin mucosa, but also opportunist pathogens. Meticillin-resistant (MR) multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates increasing in human veterinary healthcare. Healthy humans other animals harbour a variety staphylococci, including MR-CoPS MR-CoNS. The main aims study were to characterise population antimicrobial resistance profiles from healthy non-vet visiting non-antimicrobial treated Labrador...