ObjectivesTo scrutinize whether the high circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) observed in 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 was due to viral diversity, we characterized RSV-A -B strains causing bronchiolitis Rome, before after COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsRSV-positive samples, prospectively collected from infants hospitalized for 2017-2018 2022-2023, were sequenced G gene; phylogenetic results amino acid substitutions analyzed. Subtype-specific data compared among seasons.ResultsPredominance...

The conservation of historic libraries can be referred towards both the ancient book collections and buildings themselves. Heritage made paper are threaten by climate-induced deterioration risks such as cellulose hydrolysis. Several studies have investigated microclimate inside but comparisons difficult due to lack long-term observations uniformity in use standards risk assessment methods. For first time, collected three Italy were comparatively studied outline differences similarities their...

Energy efficiency in the built environment is gaining ground due to policies mitigate climate change impact. This contribution focuses on investigating role of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that can be useful for energy retrofit historic buildings. The KPIs were hinged upon PESTEL domains (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legislative) order define objective measurable criteria allow a comprehensive evaluation an performance. A literature review carried out...

Short- and long-term variability in indoor microclimate conditions within conservation spaces (museums, galleries, archives, libraries) can exacerbate the risk of deterioration cultural materials. Active control systems are often installed to stabilize thermo-hygrometric conditions, conversely, massive buildings with thick walls less affected by outdoor due their high thermal inertia. Historic reinforced concrete structures, like bunkers fortifications, windowless, further providing stable...

The environmental microclimatic characteristics are often subject to fluctuations of considerable importance, which can cause irreparable damage art works. We explored the applicability Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques Cultural Heritage area, with aim predicting short-term values based on data collected at Rosenborg Castle (Copenhagen), housing Royal Danish Collection. Specifically, this study applied NAR (Nonlinear Autoregressive) and NARX Autoregressive Exogenous) models...

The growing sensitivity towards environmental sustainability, particularly in the light of climate change, requires a reflection on role that historical buildings can play heritage conservation. This research proposed an interdisciplinary approach combining and biological expertise to evaluate biodeterioration risk associated with different IPCC outdoor scenarios. Conduction heat transfer functions dose–response were used model indoor building related climate-induced mould pest...

The control of indoor climate conditions was considered the best approach to reduce occurrence climate-induced risks, but heating and air conditioning systems, if inefficient, are now resulting insufficient meet a sustainable energy demand these spaces. This study investigates potential changes in cooling demands museums under extreme Shared Socio-economic Pathways scenario (SSP5-8.5), considering temperature thresholds suggested by standards for limiting thermal-induced degradation....

The hygrothermal modelling of historical churches is a promising approach to study preservation issues and suitable retrofit measures. However, difficulties can arise in the use Heat, Air Moisture (HAM) models, which are often customised objects be integrated into validated building energy simulation (BES). This research outlines multi-step methodology investigate capability BES software coupled with HAM model (BES + HAM) as technique for diagnostics conservation complex settings....

Abstract. The availability of long-term records the total ozone content (TOC) represents a valuable source information for studies on assessment short- and atmospheric changes their impact terrestrial ecosystem. In particular, ground-based observations represent tool validating satellite-derived products. To our knowledge, details about software packages processing Brewer spectrophotometer measurements retrieving TOC are seldom specified in using such datasets. sources differences among...

Abstract Wood is a hygroscopic material that can reach an equilibrium moisture content when ambient temperature and relative humidity are constant. Moisture affects all properties of wood, as well its preservative treatment. The behavior wood be attributed to the hydroxyl groups constituents. Since hemicellulose shows greatest water affinity, it considered main responsible for ingress into mass. Below fiber saturation point, only stored in cell walls. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)...

Reducing the energy demand in building sector appears to be most important aspect make them efficient. Opting for durable minor interventions results further reduction of embodied carbon. This paper proposes a method which combines evaluation environmental impact together with visual preservation buildings. A new indicator, Embodied Impact Intervention (EII), was defined evaluate overall considering three indicators within Life Cycle Assessment: Global Warning Potential (GWP), Primary Energy...

The Alessandrina Library was founded in 1667 by pope Alexander VII Chigi and is nowadays housed the Campus of Sapienza University Rome (Italy). Within its Ancient (mostly made rag paper) Modern contemporary collections, it includes more than one million books produced from XVI to XXI century. In 2019, six thermo-hygrometers were deployed multi-storey repository monitor temperature (T) relative humidity (RH). Hourly T RH data collected over 2 years allowed us evaluate spatial temporal...

The peculiar microclimate inside cultural hypogeal sites needs to be carefully investigated. This study presents a methodology that aimed at providing user-friendly assessment of the frequently occurring hazards in such sites. A Risk Index was specifically defined as percentage time for which hygrothermal values lie ranges are considered hazardous conservation. An environmental monitoring campaign conducted over past ten years Mithraeum Baths Caracalla (Rome) allowed us deterioration before...

Abstract Portugal, Italy, and Norway differ by energy performance of buildings gross domestic product (GDP). Portugal has significantly highest thermal discomfort with harsher winters. In 2021, 80% Portuguese had a low rating, 75% without insulation, highly contributing to the poverty (EP) country. despite generally mild climate, building stock performance. The most affected areas are suburban peri-urban ones, an EP rate in southern regions between 13% 20% compared 8.8% at national level....

Europe has about 75 % of energy inefficient buildings and 8 population in poverty with difficulties affording bills for keeping adequate levels warmth, cooling, lighting, use household appliances building stock. The implementation thermal insulation existing would allow to address both efficiency align the Net Zero Emission Scenario. This research proposes an inverse decision-making approach investigate on reasons behind some materials three countries within European Economic Area (Italy,...

This paper proposes a multidisciplinary method to provide improved conservation strategy and thermal comfort for visitors in historical buildings. The combines microclimate observations along with the dynamic simulation of building an empirical evaluation degradation hygrosocopic artifacts. It was applied historic Priverno (Italy) where cracks tangential direction valuable wooden ceilings were observed. produced identification temperature control that, if applied, would reduce total size...

The building sector is responsible for a significant percentage of the energy consumption in Europe. level thermal insulation envelope leads to decrease consumption, thus contributing towards sustainable and efficient built environment. As result, choice most suitable solution be applied both new construction retrofitting facades fundamental satisfactory performance building. Nevertheless, should not chosen considering only performance, but rather based on set parameters (i.e., water...

Passive microclimate frames are exhibition enclosures able to modify their internal climate in order comply with paintings’ conservation needs. Due a growing concern about the effects of change, future policies must move towards affordable and sustainable preservation strategies. This study investigated hygrothermal conditions monitored within frame hosting portrait on cardboard aim discussing its use view expected indoors period 2041–2070. Its effectiveness terms ASHRAE classification...

Calibration of the existing building simulation model is key to correctly evaluating energy savings that are achievable through retrofit. However, calibration a non-standard phase where different approaches can possibly lead models. In this study, an residential simulated in parallel by four research groups with dynamic tools. Manual/automatic methodologies and basic/detailed measurement data sets used. The followed validation on two evaluation periods. Monitoring concerning windows opening...

The buildings' energy efficiency and the poverty can be improved through implementation of active and/or passive retrofit solutions. thermal insulation building envelope is one most employed Several materials are currently available in market. However, choice a specific material depend on an ensemble requirements ascribed to four domains – Technical (T), Environmental (En), Safety (S) Economic (E). TEnSE approach here proposed investigate influence stakeholders or nudgers selection for...

This research addresses the issue of heritage preventive conservation in perspective energy sustainability, for contributing to achievement Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and towards EU Green Deal. The study analyses compares four cases associated with different microclimate thresholds as suggested by standard EN 16893:2018 (Cases 1–3) derived from outputs three degradation models preserving paper, wood, canvas paintings (Case 4). Weather-based indices (degree gram days) were...