Fenton reaction is a highly effective treatment for degrading phenolic compounds in an aqueous solution. However, during phenol oxidation, the oxidized water takes on dark brown color associated with increased toxicity. Then, although can be completely removed, if oxidation process not carried out properly, final wastewater will and have higher toxicity, two parameters which legislation imposes restrictions. This paper analyzes development of observed solution under formulates mechanism to...

This work presents a case study of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), located in Biscay (Spain), which the removal high-occurrence contaminants emerging concern (CEC) was studied. The existing biological WWTP complemented with continuous ultrafiltration (c-UF) pilot plant, as tertiary treatment. Thus, effect on CEC both treatments could be analyzed globally and after each operation. A total 39 were monitored, including pharmaceutical products, industrial additives, food herbicides personal...

This study examines the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water using photo-Fenton process, focusing on dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics, organic matter mineralization, and quality improvement. The results show that SMX follows a rapid kinetic pattern, achieving complete removal within 30 min. However, total carbon reduction occurs more gradually, indicating persistence intermediates before full mineralization into CO2 H2O. DO evolution biphasic trend: an initial decline due to...

This study presents a comprehensive kinetic analysis of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by the photo-Fenton process, highlighting its potential for removing emerging micropollutants in water treatment. The SMX followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with increasing Fe(II) concentrations significantly accelerating oxidation rate. A model was developed to describe removal, aromaticity loss, and color changes during Although rapidly eliminated, intermediate aromatic chromophoric compounds...

Diclofenac (DCF, C14H11Cl2NO2) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, with significant occurrence in waste effluents. DCF especially persistent and difficult to degrade, numerous toxic effects on aquatic fauna humans. In 2015, was identified as priority pollutant (EU Directives water policy). this work, UV irradiation its combination hydrogen peroxide only or catalyzed by iron salts (photo-Fenton) are analyzed find the most efficient alternative. aqueous solutions were...

In this work, a study of the main operating variables affecting TiO2/UV photocatalysis was carried out. The treatment an industrial effluent containing aniline and benzothiazole from manufacture accelerants for vulcanization performed in TiO2-supported commercial photoreactor. degradation both contaminants monitored by GC-MS analysis. proposed experiments were able to properly identify phenomenon adsorption, as well improve performance photoreactor adding small amounts TiO2 suspension....

Abstract This work develops a kinetic model that allow to predict the water toxicity and main degradation products concentration of aqueous solutions containing 4-chlorophenol oxidised by UV/H 2 O . The was developed grouping similar toxicological nature: aromatics (hydroquinone, benzoquinone, 4-chlorocatechol catechol), aliphatics (succinic, fumaric, maleic malonic acids) mineralised compounds (oxalic, acetic formic acids). each group versus time described as mathematical function rate...

Analysis of the kinetics aqueous phenol oxidation by a sono-Fenton process reveals that via involving ortho-substituted intermediates prevails: catechol (25.0%), hydroquinone (7.7%) and resorcinol (0.6%). During oxidation, water rapidly acquires color reaches its maximum intensity at concentration p-benzoquinone. Turbidity formation occurs slower rate. Oxidant dosage determines nature intermediates, being trihydroxylated benzenes (pyrogallol, hydroxyhydroquinone) muconic acid main precursors...

This work aims to study the sustainable catalytic ozonation of aniline promoted by granular active carbon (GAC) doped with TiO2. Aniline was selected as a model compound for accelerator manufacturing industries used in manufacture rubber due its environmental impact, low biodegradability, and harmful genotoxic effects on human health. Based evolution total organic (TOC), concentration measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), pH ozone gas phase, catalyst loading,...

The water–development nexus is essential for the advancement and progress of cities in face problems such as climate change, water security increasing environmental stress agricultural sector. Aiming a circular economy and, at same time, improving resilience supply alternatives achieving goal zero waste, this work presents technical–economic study novel continuous ultrafiltration (c-UF) system with self-cleaning capacity coupled to an ozonation process, treatment urban WWTP effluent. removal...

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is an antibiotic that extensively used in veterinary medicine, and its occurrence wastewater surface water can reach up to 20 μg/L. SMX categorized as a pollutant of emerging concern by the US EPA due persistence effects on humans environment. In this study, photo-Fenton technology proposed for removal SMX. Aqueous solutions (50.0 mg/L) are treated 150 W UV photoreactor, using [Fe2+]0 = 0.5 mg/L varying [H2O2]0 0–3.0 mM. During reaction, colour (AU) was assessed along...

This work studied the removal of phenol from industrial effluents through catalytic ozonation in presence granular activated carbon a continuous fixed-bed reactor. Phenol was chosen as model pollutant because its environmental impact and high toxicity. Based on evolution total organic (TOC) concentration, kinetic proposed to study effect operational variables combined adsorption–oxidation (Ad/Ox) process. The three-phase expressed oxidation phenomena liquid adsorption surface form two...

This work completes the step of mechanism phenol oxidation, where wastewater shows maximum color levels, considering formation trihydroxybenzene rings and quinoidal compounds hydroxylated nature as degradation intermediates. They have been determined experimentally by stoichiometric ratios oxidant to degrade until intermediate species generated during oxidation (R = mol H2O2/mol C6H6O). Hence, catechol forms at R 1.0, resorcinol 1.3 hydroquinone 2.0. The addition these ratios, 4.3,...

Analysis of phenol ozonation using a G–L–S model: through mass transfer, chemical reaction and adsorption parameters.

This work aims at establishing the contribution of iron species to turbidity phenol solutions oxidized with photo-Fenton technology. During oxidation, increases linearly time till a maximum value, according formation rate that shows dependence second order respect catalyst concentration. Next, decrease in evolution second-order kinetics, where kinetics constant is inversely proportional dosage iron, 0.7. The concentration analysed point turbidity, as function total amount iron. Then, it...

This work focuses on the application of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) to purify phenolic effluents, which when combined with innovation and effectiveness contribute towards preservation natural resources environmental quality. Phenols are typical pollutants found in wastewaters from different industries such as petrochemical, pharmaceutical, resin manufacturing, olive-oil, pesticides, dyeing production or cosmetic industry. Nevertheless due their toxicity harmfulness, they cannot be...

ABSTRACTFormation of oxygen in the caffeine aqueous solutions occurs through self-decomposition reactions hydrogen peroxide, used as an oxidant photo-Fenton treatment. The total concentration peroxide treatment would be contribution stoichiometric that reacts with organic matter ([H2O2]0 = 2.0 mM) and excess decomposes to oxygen, radical mechanisms, according a ratio 0.8164 mmol H2O2 mg−1 O2. When operating at concentrations lower than [H2O2]0 mM, is not released because there no oxidant....

The oxidation of aqueous solutions carbamazepine is conducted using the Fenton reagent, combined with photolytic action a 150 W medium pressure UV lamp, operating at T = 40 °C. effect acidity analysed an interval pH 2.0–5.0, verifying that 5.0 promotes colour formation (Colour 0.15 AU). iron studied, finding water increases in linear way, Colour 0.05 + 0.0075 [Fe]0. oxidising hydrogen peroxide tested, confirming when [H2O2]0 2.0 mM, maximum generated (Colourmax 0.381 tint would be by...

Abstract This study analyses the oxidation of phenol using Fenton reagent in presence ultraviolet light, enhancing mineralization capacity treatment. Phenol generates reaction intermediates more toxic and refractory than itself. Thus, must be carried out under harder conditions, leading these compounds to biodegradable acids that can dumped into public sewages. Then, this paper considers a complete kinetic modelling stages, differentiating formation rate species generated through ortho, meta...