A5053925806- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
- Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
- RNA modifications and cancer
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- interferon and immune responses
- Matrix Theory and Algorithms
- Galectins and Cancer Biology
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Stanford University
2015-2024
Stanford Medicine
1993-2023
Jensen Hughes (United States)
2011
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
2008
Johns Hopkins University
2008
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2007
Washington University in St. Louis
1993-2006
University of Cambridge
1998-2006
Fairchild Semiconductor (United States)
2002
University of Pennsylvania
1998
We applied the polymerase chain reaction to detection of pathogenic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii based on our identification a 35-fold-repetitive gene (the B1 gene) as target. Using this procedure, we were able amplify and detect DNA single organism directly from crude cell lysate. This level sensitivity also allowed us purified samples containing few 10 parasites in presence 100,000 human leukocytes. is representative maximal cellular infiltration (10(5)/ml) 1 ml cerebrospinal fluid obtained...
The majority of known Toxoplasma gondii isolates from Europe and North America belong to three clonal lines that differ dramatically in their virulence, depending on the host. To identify responsible genes, we mapped virulence F 1 progeny derived crosses between type II III strains, which introduced into mice. Five ( VIR ) loci were thus identified, for two these, genetic complementation showed a predicted protein kinase (ROP18 ROP16, respectively) is key molecule. Both are hypervariable...
The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii blocks the innate aversion of rats for cat urine, instead producing an attraction to pheromone; this may increase likelihood a predating rat. This is thought reflect adaptive, behavioral manipulation by in that parasite, although capable infecting rats, reproduces sexually only gut cat. "behavioral manipulation" hypothesis postulates will specifically manipulate host behaviors essential enhancing its own transmission. However, neural circuits...
To facilitate genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in vitreous fluid patients with severe or atypical ocular toxoplasmosis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays were developed for SAG3 (p43) and SAG4 (p18), 2 single-copy surface antigen genes. Together strategies SAG1, SAG2, B1, multilocus RFLP analyses performed on PCR-amplified parasite DNA present 12 clinical specimens. Most samples (8/12) not infected by type II III mouse-avirulent strains....
The complete sequence of P30, the major surface Ag protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, has been deduced through cloning and analysis its gene. Using polyclonal serum specific for we have isolated a P30 cDNA clone from lambda gt11 expression library derived tachyzoites T. gondii (RH strain). This produces beta-galactosidase fusion protein which reacts with several anti-P30 mAb. In addition, anti-serum raised to purified exclusively in whole cell lysate gondii. was used isolate near...
Apicomplexan parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium sp., are obligate intracellular protozoa. They enter into a host cell by attaching to then creating an invagination in the plasma membrane. Contact between parasite membranes occurs form of ring-shaped moving junction that begins at anterior end migrates posteriorly. The resulting membrane creates parasitophorous vacuole completely envelops now parasite. At start this process, apical antigen 1 (AMA1) is released onto surface...
Perforin-like proteins are expressed by many bacterial and protozoan pathogens, yet little is known about their function or mode of action. Here, we describe Toxoplasma perforin-like protein 1 (TgPLP1), a secreted the intracellular pathogen gondii that displays structural features necessary for pore formation. After growth, TgPLP1-deficient parasites failed to exit normally, resulting in entrapment within host cells. We show this defect due an inability rapidly permeabilize parasitophorous...
The commitment of Plasmodium merozoites to invade red blood cells (RBCs) is marked by the formation a junction between merozoite and RBC coordinated induction parasitophorous vacuole. Despite its importance, molecular events underlying parasite’s invasion are not well understood. Here we show that interaction two parasite proteins, RON2 AMA1, known be critical for invasion, essential trigger formation. Using antibodies (Abs) bind near hydrophobic pocket AMA1 mutated in pocket, identified...
Toxoplasma gondii , an obligate intracellular parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, has unusual ability to infect virtually any warm-blooded animal. It is extraordinarily successful parasite, infecting estimated 30% humans worldwide. The outcome infection highly dependent on allelic differences in large number effectors that secretes into host cell. Here, we show largest determinant virulence difference between two most common strains ROP5 locus. This segment genome consisting a family 4–10...
ABSTRACT The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is able to infect nearly all nucleated cell types of warm-blooded animals. This achieved through the injection hundreds effectors into host cytosol, allowing establish a vacuolar niche for growth, replication, and persistence. Here we show that infection actives an inflammasome response in mice rats, innate immune sensing system designed survey cytosol foreign components leading inflammation death. Oral with triggers protective...
Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is among the most prevalent parasites worldwide, infecting many wild and domestic animals causing zoonotic infections in humans. T. differs substantially its broad distribution from closely related that typically have narrow, specialized host ranges. To elucidate genetic basis for these differences, we compared genomes of 62 globally distributed isolates to several coccidian parasites. Our findings reveal tandem amplification diversification secretory pathogenesis...
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan pathogen that produces severe disease in humans and animals. This obligate intracellular parasite provides an excellent model for the study of how such pathogens are able to invade, survive, replicate intracellularly. DNA encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was introduced into T. transiently expressed with use three vectors based on different genes. The ability introduce genes have them efficiently faithfully essential tool understanding...
Toxoplasma gondii is a common human pathogen causing serious, even fatal, disease in the developing fetus and immunocompromised patients. Despite its ability to reproduce sexually broad geographic host range, has clonal population structure comprised principally of three lines. We have analyzed 15 polymorphic loci archetypal type I, II, III strains found that polymorphism was limited to, at most, two rather than allelic classes no detected between alleles given type. Multilocus analysis 10...
A system for stable transformation of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites was developed that exploited the susceptibility to chloramphenicol. Introduction chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene fused flanking sequences followed by selection resulted in parasites stably expressing CAT. construct incorporating tandemly repeated gene, B1 , targeted efficiently its homologous chromosomal locus. Knockout single-copy ROP1 also successful. Stable should permit identification and analysis genes...