Computational modelling to calculate the mechanical loading within atherosclerotic plaques has been shown be complementary defining anatomical plaque features in determining vulnerability. However, its application partially impeded by lack of comprehensive knowledge about properties various tissues plaque. Twenty-one human carotid were collected from endarterectomy. The was cut into rings, and different type tissues, including media, fibrous cap (FC), lipid intraplaque haemorrhage/thrombus...

Renewed efforts towards greater use of environmentally sustainable materials have created new opportunities for balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidale) to replace non-renewable, petroleum-based cores such as polymer foams in a broad range sandwich structures. This paper reviews published research into the applications, manufacturing, microstructure, mechanical properties and in-service performance structures with cores. The benefits structure construction are reviewed, including environmental...

A deep learning surrogate model is developed to rapidly predict the wrinkling patterns of a biaxial non-crimp fabric (NCF) layup for any given tool geometry during forming. The underlying dataset finite element simulations used investigate effect on severity. trained able make reliable predictions at very low computational cost, suitable design optimisation. Results indicate that certain geometrical features have greater impact than others. In particular, forming NCFs over geometries with...

Experiments and numerical simulations are employed to determine the critical process variables that affect quality of a two-layer biaxial non-crimp fabric (NCF) preformed using double diaphragm forming (DDF) process. To prevent wrinkling defects, must be controlled, including vacuum pressure, tension, ply-tool alignment. Inter-ply friction plays role in deformation mechanism, while frictional interaction between tool has limited impact. The study also reveals geometrical features have an...

An index of cerebrospinal compensatory reserve (RAP) has been introduced as a potential descriptor neurological deterioration after head trauma. It is numerically computed linear correlation coefficient between the mean intracranial pressure and pulse amplitude waveform. We explore how RAP varies with different forms physiological or nonphysiological volume loads in adult hydrocephalus, without functioning fluid (CSF) shunt.A database recordings during CSF infusion studies overnight...

The study aimed to develop a computational method for assessing relative changes in compartmental compliances within the brain: arterial bed and cerebrospinal space. utilizes relationship between pulsatile components blood volume, pressure (ABP) intracranial (ICP). It was verified by using clinical recordings of plateau waves, when massive vasodilatation accompanying waves produces brain (Ca) compliance space (Ci). Ten patients admitted after head injury with median Glasgow Coma Score 6 were...

The fundamental frictional behaviour of carbon fibre tows relevant to composite fabric forming is explored. Tow-on-tool and tow-on-tow contact are considered. For tow-on-tool contact, an experiment devised simultaneously observe the true filament length measure friction force over a range normal loads. Filament not constant, as would be given from idealised assumption parallel touching filaments, but increases in characteristic manner with load. Friction follows power law variation load...

Mechanical analysis has the potential to provide complementary information aneurysm morphology in assessing its vulnerability. Reliable calculations require accurate material properties of individual aneurysmal components. Quantification extreme extensibility and ultimate strength tissue are important if rupture is be modelled. Tissue pieces from 11 abdomen aortic (AAA) patients scheduled for elective surgery 8 normal artery (NAA) who kidney/liver transplant were collected at banked liquid...

Abstract Cochlear implants restore hearing in patients with severe to profound deafness by delivering electrical stimuli inside the cochlea. Understanding stimulus current spread, and how it correlates patient-dependent factors, is hampered poor accessibility of inner ear lack clinically-relevant vitro, vivo or silico models. Here, we present 3D printing-neural network co-modelling for interpreting electric field imaging profiles cochlear implant patients. With tuneable electro-anatomy,...

Because many acute cerebral ischemic events are caused by rupture of vulnerable carotid atheroma and subsequent thrombosis, the present study used both idealized patient-specific atheromatous plaque models to evaluate effect structural determinants on stress distributions within plaque.Using a finite element method, analysis was performed using derived from in vivo high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 40 non-consecutive patients (20 symptomatic, 20 asymptomatic). Plaque...

Background and purposeFor the first time, delivered dose to rectum has been calculated accumulated throughout course of prostate radiotherapy using megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) image guidance scans. Dosimetric parameters were linked with toxicity test hypothesis that is a stronger predictor than planned dose.Material methodsDose–surface maps (DSMs) rectal wall automatically generated from daily MVCT scans for 109 patients within VoxTox research programme. Accumulated-DSMs,...

Reducing the empty weight of articulated heavy goods vehicle trailers is one avenue that needs to be explored in reducing carbon footprint road freight industry as a whole. A statistical analysis two fleets operating United Kingdom has helped identify double-deck used grocery haulage and 'walking-floor' bulk examples can benefit significantly from lightweighting. Energy consumption numerous vehicles quantified through an idealised drive cycle reflecting long haul journey over highway. This...

ABSTRACT Crestal placement of short plateau implants in compromised jaws may cause implant failure due to bone overstress. The aim was evaluate the impact different sized on adjacent overload and load‐bearing ability terms proposed index—ultimate functional load (UFL). Three‐dimensional models osseointegrated placed types III IV were analysed by FEM for case patient‐specific variations cortical elasticity modulus. Maximum von Mises stresses surrounding calculated compared with cancellous...

Lubrication in metal rolling the mixed lubrication regime has been considered. An inlet analysis used to calculate film thickness and area of contact ratio bite, taking into account effect roughness on pressure build-up bulk deformation crushing asperities. The with rough is most strongly dependent variables which determine smooth contacts, that is, roiling speed, oil properties geometry, but yield stress, strip thickness, geometry tension are also examined. In a separate calculation...

The effect of tool surface roughness topography on tow-on-tool friction relevant to the dry forming composite fabrics is investigated. A comprehensive range average Ra values from 0.005 3.2 μm was used in testing with carbon fibre tows. measured slope these surfaces, which critical topographical characteristic, increased significantly increasing amplitude. Friction found be sensitive for very smooth surfaces (Ra < 0.1 μm) and decreasing For rougher > μm), relatively insensitive finite...

This article investigates the effects of aerodynamic and lightweight double-deck semi-trailers on fuel consumption Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs). The HGVs were evaluated using in-service data, computer-based simulations with coefficients drag rolling resistance estimated from coast-down tests conducted a test track. showed that features reduced coefficient by approximately 7.2% wide single tyres trailers 10%. data vehicles have statistical significance consumption. Computer-based...