A5068384789- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Free Will and Agency
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Memory Processes and Influences
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Treatment of Major Depression
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
King's College London
2015-2018
University of Cambridge
2007-2017
University of British Columbia
2014
University of Exeter
2013
Neuroscience Institute
2010
University of Southern California
2008
Addenbrooke's Hospital
2007
University College London
2007
United States Army
1976
Recent work has suggested an association between the orbitofrontal cortex in humans and practical decision making. The aim of this study was to investigate profile cognitive deficits, with particular emphasis on decision‐making processes, following damage different sectors human prefrontal cortex. Patients discrete (OBF) lesions, dorsolateral (DL) dorsomedial (DM) lesions large frontal (Large) were compared matched controls three tasks: Iowa Gambling Task two recently developed tasks that...
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and insular are implicated in distributed neural circuitry that supports emotional decision-making. Previous studies of patients with vmPFC lesions have focused primarily on decision-making under uncertainty, when outcome probabilities ambiguous (e.g. the Iowa Gambling Task). It remains unclear whether is also necessary for risk, explicit. not known effect damage analogous to damage, or these regions contribute differentially choice behaviour. Four...
Delusions are maladaptive beliefs about the world. Based upon experimental evidence that prediction error—a mismatch between expectancy and outcome—drives belief formation, this study examined possibility delusions form because of disrupted prediction-error processing. We used fMRI to determine prediction-error-related brain responses in 12 healthy subjects individuals (7 males) with delusional beliefs. Frontal cortex patient group were suggestive Furthermore, across subjects, extent...
Risk taking in a large cohort of adults ( N = 177; ages 17–73) decreased with age, demonstrated by performance on computer based gambling task, which has previously been shown to be sensitive certain pharmacological manipulations including tryptophan depletion, lesions the orbitofrontal cortex and neuropsychiatric disorders such as mania. Aging was also associated longer deliberation times, poorer decision making, reduced risk taking, but no significant change delay aversion. Subjects higher...
Background. Cognitive performance was compared in the genetically and neurobiologically related disorders of Tourette's syndrome (TS) obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), three domains executive function: planning, decision-making inhibitory response control. Method. Twenty TS patients, twenty OCD patients a group age- IQ-matched normal controls completed psychometric computerized cognitive tests psychiatric rating scales. The were well-characterized terms their sensitivity to other...
According to dual-system accounts, instrumental learning is supported by both a goal-directed and habitual system. Although behavioral control the system, through outcome–action associations, dominates with moderate training, stimulus–response associations are thought form concurrently in habit It therefore challenging isolate neural substrate of system neuroimaging research healthy human volunteers. Recently, however, de Wit et al. (2007) developed an discrimination task that distinguishes...
Although conduct disorder (CD) is associated with an increased susceptibility to substance use disorders, little known about decision-making processes or reward mechanisms in CD. This study investigated decision making under varying motivational conditions CD.Performances on the Risky Choice Task (RCT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were assessed 156 adolescents (84 control subjects, 34 adolescence-onset CD, 38 early-onset CD). The RCT was performed twice, once normal of motivation...
<h3>Context</h3> Establishing a neurobiological account of delusion formation that links cognitive processes, brain activity, and symptoms is important to furthering our understanding psychosis. <h3>Objective</h3> To explore theoretical model implicates prediction error–dependent associative learning processes in pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study using the psychotomimetic drug ketamine. <h3>Design</h3> Within-subject, randomized, placebo-controlled study....
Impulsivity is a cardinal feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which thought to underlie many the cognitive and behavioural symptoms associated with disorder. Impairments on some measures impulsivity have been shown be responsive pharmacotherapy. However, multi-factorial construct degree different forms contribute impairments in ADHD or respond pharmacological treatments remains unclear. The aims study were assess effects methylphenidate (MPH) performance children...
Delusions are the persistent and often bizarre beliefs that characterise psychosis. Previous studies have suggested their emergence may be explained by disturbances in prediction error-dependent learning. Here we set up complementary order to examine whether such a disturbance also modulates memory reconsolidation hence explains remarkable persistence. First, quantified individual brain responses error causal learning task 18 human subjects (8 female). Next, placebo-controlled...
The associative structure mediating goal-directed action was investigated using congruent and incongruent conditional discriminations. stimulus the same as outcome in each component of discriminations, whereas one discriminations other component. Humans, but not rats, learned discrimination more rapidly than discrimination, a difference that authors attribute to fact outcome-response associations caused response conflict discrimination. Moreover, responding resistant devaluation following...
Abstract Threat cues elicit defensive reactions mediated by limbic brain circuitry that is also implicated in risk‐sensitive decision making. Building upon research looking at stress effects on making, a gambling task was administered to 65 healthy adults, comparing making trials which red screen background signalled threat of shocks against when could not occur. The elicited increased electrodermal activity and sustained decrease heart rate, consistent with vigilance. condition associated...
ABSTRACT Gambling near‐misses are non‐rewarded events that resemble a winning configuration. Past research using slot machines has shown moderate rates of increase gambling persistence, but the mechanisms supporting this persistence unclear. One hypothesis is mistakenly interpreted as signals skill acquisition, learning and fuelling ‘illusion control’. A machine simulation was administered to 60 volunteers, with ratings perceived chances winning, pleasure motivation play following particular...
Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) for Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently been linked to the development of a number nonmotor behavioral control problems. Punding, one these problems, is term used describe complex, purposeless stereotyped behaviors such as repetitive handling or sorting objects. A self-report questionnaire was adapted assess punding in context dysfunctional hobby-related activities. We report results survey PD outpatients from research clinic (n = 141) and non-PD controls...
Abstract Research on gambling near‐misses has shown that objectively equivalent outcomes can yield divergent emotional and motivational responses. The subjective processing of is affected substantially by close but non‐obtained (i.e. counterfactuals). In the current paper, we investigate how different types influence self‐perceived luck subsequent betting behavior in a wheel‐of‐fortune task. We counterfactual mechanism these effects testing relationship with second task measuring...
Buspirone is a serotonin 5-HT 1A receptor agonist licensed for the treatment of anxiety. Other anxiolytic drugs such as benzodiazepines show significant sedative and other unwanted effects on cognition. Studies to date have yet investigate cognitive buspirone using well-validated computerized tests. The aim this study was assess acute subjective in healthy volunteers. Sixty male volunteers received 20mg buspirone, 30mg or placebo per os double-blind parallel groups design (N=20 group)....