A numerical model for local sediment scour with free surface and automatic mesh deformation is constructed results are compared experimental results. For the turbulence closure, two equation k–ε used. Two interfaces (water air, water sediment) in domain captured different approaches. The of flow simulated volume fluid (VOF) scheme, which an Eulerian approach. new method VOF scheme proposed to reduce computational time while retaining relative accuracy. behavior water-sediment interface (bed)...

Solving the pressure Poisson equation within Navier–Stokes solver for incompressible flows with a subdomain presents challenges, particularly due to selection of boundary conditions. Typically, assumptions such as large fluid domain zero normal gradient on boundaries are often employed. However, this approach using larger exceeds inherently needed, and relies inaccurate assumptions, especially when focus is smaller subdomain. Moreover, Neumann conditions obtained from experimental data that...

Abstract The flow structure and turbulence in an open cavity shear layer has been investigated experimentally at a Reynolds number of $4. 0\times 1{0}^{4} $ , with emphasis on interactions the unsteady pressure field corners. A large database time-resolved two-dimensional PIV measurements used to obtain velocity distributions calculate by spatially integrating material acceleration series sample areas covering entire surrounding Conditional sampling, low-pass filtering time correlations...

Three-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has shown substantial promise in the field of computer vision, but remains unexplored magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study explores its potential for reconstruction isotropic resolution 3D MRI from undersampled k-space data. We introduce a novel framework termed (3DGSMR), which employs distributions as an explicit representation MR volumes. Experimental evaluations indicate that this method can effectively reconstruct voxelized images,...

Abstract The critically important at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry (AHG) relationships relate variables (depth, width, or velocity) to discharge in power law form. recently discovered at‐many‐stations (AMHG) states that AHG exponents and coefficients are strongly correlated, removing one parameter lending AMHGs remote sensing estimation. Despite the excitement, there is an urgent need clarify AMHG's geomorphological significance for different variables. Using data from 57 rivers U.S....

This paper reports a theoretical analysis and the corresponding numerical experimental validation results of error propagation characteristics omnidirectional integration method used for pressure reconstruction from PIV measured gradient. The shows that provides an effective mechanism in reducing sensitivity reconstructed to random noise embedded Accurate determination boundary values is first step ensuring accuracy pressure. consists two parts, with one part decreasing exponentially...

This paper examines and contrasts the response of planar turbulent wakes with initially symmetric asymmetric mean velocity profiles to identical imposed streamwise pressure gradients. The focus on near wake behavior, profile asymmetry, gradient is motivated by their relevance high-lift systems for commercial transport aircraft. In experiments, generated a flat plate tapered trailing edge. Active passive flow control are applied an second in order generate wake. Both favorable adverse...

Magnetic resonance tagging makes it possible to measure the motion of tissues such as muscles in heart and tongue. The harmonic phase (HARP) method largely automates process tracking points within tagged MR images, permitting many properties be computed. However, HARP can yield erroneous estimates due 1) large deformations between image frames, 2) through-plane motion, 3) tissue boundaries. Methods that incorporate spatial continuity motion—so-called refinement or flood-filling methods—have...

Abstract Quantification of velocity and pressure fields over streambeds is important for predicting sediment mobility, benthic hyporheic habitat qualities, exchange. Here, we report the first experimental investigation reconstructed water surface elevations three‐dimensional time‐averaged quantified with non‐invasive image techniques a free flow around barely submerged vertical cylinder plane bed coarse granular in full‐scale flume experiment. Stereo particle velocimetry coupled refractive...

Abstract This study focuses on the effects of mean (favourable) and large-scale fluctuating pressure gradients boundary layer turbulence. Two-dimensional (2D) particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements, some which are time-resolved, have been performed upstream within a sink flow for two inlet Reynolds numbers, ${Re}_{\theta }(x_{1})=3360$ 5285. The corresponding acceleration parameters, $K$ , ${1.3\times 10^{-6}}$ ${0.6\times . time-resolved data at enables us to calculate instantaneous...

Abstract With a computational model combining large eddy simulation and discrete element model, detailed quantification of the bed load effects on turbulent open‐channel flows is presented. The objective revelation particle impact mean flow properties coherent structures. Two comparative numerical experiments with mobile immobile beds are conducted. Mean (e.g., velocity Reynolds stress profiles) show good agreement experimental data. Comparing cases, effective position nearly same, whereas...

The onset of cavitation in a high Reynolds number, two-dimensional open cavity shear flow occurs on top the trailing edge, well before it appears layer. However, there disappears periodically, even at pressures that are much lower than inception level and when expands to layer upstream. primary cause for this phenomenon is periodic elimination pressure minimum corner due induced by vortices arriving edge cavity. Both location conditions agree with measured mean fluctuating performed using...

This paper presents a novel pressure reconstruction method featuring rotating parallel ray omni-directional integration. It is an improvement over the circular virtual boundary integration for non-intrusive instantaneous measurement in incompressible flow field. Unlike old method, where path originated from at finite distance domain, new utilizes rays, which can be viewed as being of infinity, guidance paths. By paths with equal weights coming all directions toward point interest any...

Salt stress is a critical abiotic factor that adversely affects plant growth and productivity by impairing photosynthesis. This study explores the impact of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) on photosynthetic performance tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ligeer 87-5) under salt stress. Hydroponic experiments were conducted in solar greenhouse, where subjected to following five treatments: Control, NaCl, NaCl + AsA, lycorine (LYC), LYC AsA. Our findings demonstrate significantly...