The growing applications of wearable electronics, electronic textiles, and biomedical devices have sparked explosive demand for high-performance flexible sensors. Herein, we report a facile approach fabricating highly sensitive carbon hybrid fiber, which is composed graphene fiber skeleton nanotube (CNT) branches. In this hierarchical in situ grown CNTs prohibit the stacking sheets bridge layers simultaneously, making fluffy conductive. Due to well-designed architecture, assembled sensor...

In this study, the rheological and crystallization behavior of CaO–BaO–Al2O3-based mold slags was investigated through measurement viscosity-temperature relationship record during continuous cooling process from 1300 to 600°C applying a modified confocal scanning laser microscopy. Variations viscosity, break temperature, initial temperature phases with substitution SiO2 by Al2O3 BaO at gradient interval 4 mass% were discussed, parameters average rate, Ozawa index effective activation energy...

This paper studies the planning issue of distributed generators at different locations. The multi-objective function is normalized to form a minimized optimal on distribution network cost, when capacities and number demands various locations are known. Optimizing placement by applying electromagnetism-like mechanism, access scheme can be obtained. also compares mechanism genetic algorithm in optimizing generators. conclusion drawn that has obvious advantage operation efficiency error tolerance

Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) have attracted great attention because of their high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, uncontrollable Li dendrite growth significant volume expansion result in safety issues that largely limit practical applications. Herein, we explore a microwave-assisted strategy for the rapid synthesis vertically aligned metal hybrids on Cu foil (VAMH@CF). Such an elaborate architecture VAMH provides lithiophilic buffer layer after...

Abstract Transverse photonic crystal (TPC) laser arrays are designed by effective index method and transfer matrix method, fabricated the process of standard photolithography. The fundamental supermode TPC array possesses a larger optical confinement factor in active region than those high-order supermodes, because propagation constant lies forbidden band while all constants supermodes lie allowed TPC. Therefore, can lase firstly near threshold when is injected with currents. achieves...

Semiconductor laser arrays based on the third-order supersymmetric (SUSY) transformation are proposed to increase mode discrimination between fundamental supermode and high-order supermodes. The distance edge waveguide of main array that superpartners is optimized. Then, electric field distributions different modes also calculated, which show that, except for supermode, supermodes penetrate deeper into superpartner arrays, accounts increased loss fabricated SUSY can emit light with a...

High-power semiconductor laser with an integrated master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) based on the surface-slotted structure is demonstrated. The lasing wavelength of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.5~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> achieved by using a group micron-level slots fabricated standard photolithography. exhibits continuous-wave output up to 225 mW in single-mode...

Electrically injected Parity-time (PT)-symmetric double ridge stripe semiconductor lasers lasing at 980 nm range are designed and measured. The spontaneous PT-symmetric breaking point or exceptional (EP) of the laser is tuned below above threshold by means varying coupling constant mirror loss. linewidth optical spectrum narrowed, compared with that traditional single (SR) (DR) laser. Furthermore, far field pattern EP experimentally. It found when start to lase, former single-lobed while...

Electrically injected supersymmetric (SUSY) semiconductor lasers are proposed and fabricated. Two successive SUSY transformations applied to the main array arranged along direction of epitaxial growth, which can remove propagation constants fundamental mode leaky from superpartner while keeping those other high-order modes. The laser possesses an excellent discrimination favors lasing mode. fabricated emit light with a single-lobe vertical far-field pattern full width at half maximum 16.87°...

Broad-area semiconductor lasers, coupled with asymmetric transverse photonic crystals (TPCs), are designed by the effective index method and transfer matrix method. Due to propagation constant of fundamental mode lying in forbidden band TPCs, but those high-order modes allowed is mainly concentrated active ridge waveguide, while all extend into lossy TPCs on both sides waveguide. Therefore, possesses larger optical confinement factor than modes, reaches lasing threshold more easily, which...

Zero-energy topological states, which are protected by chiral symmetry against certain perturbations topologically, localize at interfaces between trivial and non-trivial phases in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chain model. Here, we propose demonstrate a method to manipulate itself improve localized enlarge mode volume of states SSH model, thus optimizing lasing performance interfaces. As multiple defects corresponding off-diagonal an eigenmatrix introduced, state expands extends extra...

Abstract Exceptional points (EPs) can be exploited for a new generation of sensors. We propose an electrically injected parity-time (PT)-symmetric three-ridge semiconductor laser. By introducing the non-zero next-nearest-neighboring coupling coefficient to Hamiltonian obtained by coupled mode theory, results eigenspectra match well with those numerical simulation finite element method. Based on introduced coefficient, we develop our design and obtain quasi-third-order EP. analyze eigenmode...

Abstract Optical metacavities based on periodic dielectric structures can support radiationless bound states in the continuum (BICs) with strong confinement of light. In experiment, such BICs be observed as quasi-BIC modes very large but finite quality factors (Q factors), and they employed to realize control lasing action at ultralow powers. All BIC lasers demonstrated so far are optically pumped. Here, we report first realization electrically pumped laser operating room temperatures...

Short video is an increasingly prevalent medium in online shopping environments to present products. To cope with the great demand for short videos rising from enormous number and rapid update of products, computer-supported production becoming a trend. The optimization considering user experience essential. Currently, using text voice integrate extra information into potential promising approach optimizing production, while effects these elements on remain unclear. In this study, we...

Abstract An electrically injected semiconductor laser based on parity‐time symmetry with a double‐taper structure is fabricated and measured. The lasers are defined by contact‐type standard photolithography then etched inductively coupled plasma. parity‐time‐symmetric can obtain an output power of more than 0.5W @0.3A, which significantly higher the 0.35W@0.3A traditional single‐ridge laser. breaking point or exceptional tuned below lasing threshold to get narrower linewidth compared...

Broad-area lasers (BA) are practical for producing high output power. However, under a current operation, high-order modes easily excited, resulting in the broadened linewidth. Here, based on mode engineering of double-side transverse photonic crystals (TPCs) combined with longitudinal surface grating, narrow-linewidth electrically-pumped broad-area laser power emission only using I-line lithography is demonstrated. By matching wide main waveguide TPC bands, effective volume expanded, while...

A single-mode laser has been proposed and fabricated by standard photolithography, based on the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -level chirped photonic crystal. Side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) over 45 dB direct-modulation bandwidth up to 16.63 GHz exhibited a notation="LaTeX">$400~\mu -long with slope efficiency of about 0.22 mW/mA output power...

As a novel branch of topology, non-Hermitian topological systems have been extensively studied in theory and experiments recently. Topological parity-time (PT)-symmetric semiconductor stripe laser arrays based on the Su-Schreiffer-Heeger model are proposed. The degree non-Hermicity can be tuned by altering length cavities, PT symmetry realized patterned electrode. Three working different phases analyzed fabricated. With increasing non-Hermicity, peaks output intensities move from edge to...

Two-dimensional metal sulfides and their hybrids are emerging as promising candidates in various areas. Yet, it remains challenging to synthesize high-quality 2D hybrids, especially iso-component a simple controllable way. In this work, low-temperature selective solid-liquid sulfidation growth method has been developed for the synthesis of CuS nanoflakes hybrids. about 20 nm thickness co-component CuOx /CuS with variable composition ratios derived from different time obtained after residual...