In this study the authors are interested in safety-critical real-time applications implemented on distributed architectures supporting time-sensitive networking (TSN) standard. The on-going standardisation of TSN is an IEEE effort to bring deterministic capabilities into 802.1 Ethernet standard systems and guaranteed quality-of-service. will support time-triggered (TT) communication based schedule tables, audio-video-bridging (AVB) flows with bounded end-to-end latency as well best-effort...

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a collection of standards that extend Ethernet to support safety-critical and real-time applications. TSN integrates multiple traffic types, i.e., Time-Triggered (TT) scheduled based on Gate-Control-Lists (GCLs), Audio-Video-Bridging (AVB) requires bounded latencies, Best-Effort (BE) traffic, for which no guarantees are provided. This paper proposes Network Calculus-based approach determine the worst-case end-to-end delays AVB in network with both...

In this article, we advocate for the use of IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) as deterministic transport network layer fog computing in industrial automation. We give an overview relevant TSN protocol services and motivate TSN. propose a configuration agent architecture based on 802.1Qcc OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA), capable performing runtime configuration. briefly present challenges scheduled networks (considering subset mechanisms), illustrate one problem: schedule tables...

IEEE 802.1 time-sensitive networking (TSN) is a set of amendments to the standard that enable safety-critical and real-time behavior over Ethernet for industrial automation automotive domains. Selected TSN mechanisms offer possibility emulate well-known traffic classes found in mixed-criticality distributed systems: Time-triggered (TT) communication with low jitter bounded endto-end latency, audio-video-bridging (AVB) streams end-to-end general besteffort messages, which have no timing...

Distributed safety-critical applications in industrial automation, aerospace, and automotive, require worst-case end-to-end latency analysis for critical communication flows order to prove their correct behavior the temporal domain.With advent of time sensitive networks (TSNs), distributed can be built on top standard Ethernet technologies without sacrificing real-time characteristics.The time-based transmission selection clock synchronization mechanism defined TSN enable frames based a...

Owning to the sub-standards being developed by IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group, traditional 802.1 Ethernet is enhanced support real-time dependable communications for future time- and safety-critical applications. Several have been recently proposed that introduce various traffic shapers (e.g., Time-Aware Shaper (TAS), Asynchronous Traffic (ATS), Credit-Based (CBS), Strict Priority (SP)) flow control mechanisms of queuing scheduling, targeting different application...

In this paper, we concentrate on aspects related to the synthesis of distributed embedded systems consisting programmable processors and application-specific hardware components. The approach is based an abstract graph representation that captures, at process level, both dataflow flow control. Our goal derive a worst case delay by which system completes execution, such as small possible; generate logically temporally deterministic schedule; optimize parameters communication protocol...

In this paper we present an approach to the design optimization of fault tolerant embedded systems for safety-critical applications. Processes are statically scheduled and communications performed using time-triggered protocol. We use process re-execution replication tolerating transient faults. Our decides mapping processes processors assignment fault-tolerant policies such that faults tolerated timing constraints application satisfied. several heuristics which able find implementations...

We present an approach to the synthesis of fault-tolerant hard real-time systems for safety-critical applications. use checkpointing with rollback recovery and active replication tolerating transient faults. Processes communications are statically scheduled. Our decides assignment fault-tolerance policies processes, optimal placement checkpoints mapping processes processors such that multiple faults tolerated timing constraints application satisfied. several design optimization approaches...

In this paper we present an approach to the scheduling and voltage scaling of low-power fault-tolerant hard real-time applications mapped on distributed heterogeneous embedded systems.Processes messages are statically scheduled, use process re-execution for recovering from multiple transient faults.Addressing simultaneously energy reliability is especially challenging because lowering reduce consumption has been shown increase fault rates.In addition, time-redundancy based fault-tolerance...

In this paper we are interested in safety-critical distributed systems, composed of heterogeneous processing elements interconnected using the TTEthernet protocol. We address hard real-time mixed-criticality applications, which may have different criticality levels, and focus on optimization communication configuration. integrates three types traffic: Time-Triggered (TT) messages, Event-Triggered (ET) messages with bounded end-to-end delay, also called Rate Constrained (RC) Best-Effort (BE)...

Microfluidic biochips are replacing the conventional biochemical analyzers and able to integrate necessary functions for analysis on-chip. In this paper we interested in flow-based biochips, which flow of liquid is manipulated using integrated microvalves. By combining several microvalves, more complex units, such as micropumps, switches, mixers, multiplexers, can be built. The manufacturing technology, soft lithography, used advancing faster than Moore's law, resulting increased...

IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of standards that extend Ethernet for safety-critical and real-time applications. TSN envisioned to be widely used in several applications areas, from industrial automation in-vehicle networking. supports mixed-criticality via multiple traffic classes: Time-Triggered (TT) communication, Audio-Video-Bridging (AVB) streams with bounded end-to-end latency as well Best-Effort messages. TT scheduled Gate Control Lists (GCLs) specified each queue...

Fog Computing is about to tremendously impact the industrial automation industry. While, today's systems use proprietary technology provide real-time and dependability guarantees, enables a paradigm shift from this operations (OT) usage of standard IT equipment infrastructure. Thus, one key elements Industrial Internet Things Industry 4.0. In particular, future will be enabled by: increased IP-protocols, e.g., standardized Deterministic Ethernet solutions IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)...

In this paper we are interested in safety-critical real-time applications implemented on distributed architectures using the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard. The ongoing standardization of TSN is an IEEE effort to bring deterministic capabilities into 802.1 Ethernet standard supporting systems and guaranteed Quality-of-Service. will support Time-Triggered (TT) communication based schedule tables, Audio-Video-Bridging (AVB) streams with bounded end-to-end latency as well Best-Effort...

Time-sensitive networking (TSN) is a set of amendments that extend Ethernet to support distributed safety-critical and real-time applications in the industrial automation, aerospace, automotive areas. TSN integrates multiple traffic types supports interactions several combinations. In this article, we consider configuration supporting scheduled (ST) based on gate-control lists, audio–video bridging (AVB) according IEEE 802.1BA has bounded latencies, best-effort traffic, for which no...

This article focuses on mixed-criticality applications with functions that have different timing requirements, i.e., hard real-time (HRT), soft (SRT), and are not time-critical (NC). The implemented distributed cyber-physical systems use IEEE Time-sensitive Networking (TSN). TSN is the product of an effort to bring deterministic capabilities 802.3 Ethernet. supports convergence multiple traffic types, critical, real-time, regular “best-effort” within a single network: Time-triggered (TT),...

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) introduces standardized mechanisms that add real-time capabilities to IEEE 802.1 Ethernet networks. In particular, the Time-Aware Shaper (TAS) can be used send frames in a deterministic fashion according predefined global schedule. Existing methods for generating communication schedule enforce isolation either time or space domain. This extended abstract presents novel, more flexible window-based scheduling algorithm which removes previously required...

FlexRay will very likely become the de-facto standard for in-vehicle communications. However, before it can be successfully used safety-critical applications that require predictability, timing analysis techniques are necessary providing bounds message communication times. In this paper, we propose determining properties of messages transmitted in both static (ST) and dynamic (DYN) segments a cycle. The integrated context holistic schedulability computes worst-case response times all tasks...

In this paper we are interested to implement mixed-criticality hard real-time applications on a given heterogeneous distributed architecture. Applications have different criticality levels, captured by their Safety-Integrity Level (SIL), and scheduled using static-cyclic scheduling. Mixed-criticality tasks can be integrated onto the same architecture only if there is enough spatial temporal separation among them. We consider that provided partitioning, such run in separate partitions, each...

In this article, we are interested in implementing mixed-criticality real-time embedded applications on a given heterogeneous distributed architecture. Applications have different criticality levels, captured by their Safety-Integrity Level (SIL), and scheduled using static-cyclic scheduling. According to certification standards, tasks can be integrated onto the same architecture only if there is enough spatial temporal separation among them. We consider that provided partitioning, such run...