The enhancements being developed by the Time-Sensitive Networking Task Group as part of IEEE 802.1 emerge future real-time communication over Ethernet networks for automotive and industrial application domains. In particular 802.1Qbv is key to enabling timeliness guarantees via so-called time-aware shapers. this paper, we address computation fully deterministic schedules 802.1Qbv-compliant multi-hop switched networks. We identify analyze functional parameters affecting behaviour under and,...

Networks for real-time systems have stringent end-to-end latency and jitter requirements. One cost-efficient way to meet these requirements is the time-triggered communication paradigm which plans transmission points in time of frames off-line. This plan prevents contentions on network called a schedule (tt-schedule). In general tt-scheduling bin-packing problem, known be NP-complete, where complexity mostly driven by freedom topology network, its associated hardware restrictions,...

Networks are a core element of many industrial and automation systems at present. Often these networks transport time- safety-critical messages that control physical processes. Thus, timely guaranteed delivery is an essential property for such critical systems. Over the past decade, variety network solutions have evolved to satisfy said properties. However, largely incompatible with each other system architects forced deploy different in parallel due their capabilities. IEEE 802.1...

In this study the authors are interested in safety-critical real-time applications implemented on distributed architectures supporting time-sensitive networking (TSN) standard. The on-going standardisation of TSN is an IEEE effort to bring deterministic capabilities into 802.1 Ethernet standard systems and guaranteed quality-of-service. will support time-triggered (TT) communication based schedule tables, audio-video-bridging (AVB) flows with bounded end-to-end latency as well best-effort...

Time Sensitive Networks (TSN) emerge as the set of sub-standards incorporating real-time support an extension standard Ethernet. In particular, IEEE 802.1Qbv defines a time-triggered communication paradigm with addition time-aware shaper governing selection frames at egress queues according to predefined schedule, encoded in so-called Gate Control Lists (GCL). Nonetheless, design compositional systems demands requires proper configuration these mechanisms truly achieve temporal isolation...

In this article, we advocate for the use of IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) as deterministic transport network layer fog computing in industrial automation. We give an overview relevant TSN protocol services and motivate TSN. propose a configuration agent architecture based on 802.1Qcc OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA), capable performing runtime configuration. briefly present challenges scheduled networks (considering subset mechanisms), illustrate one problem: schedule tables...

Throughout many application areas of embedded and cyber-physical systems there is a demand to integrate more applications such that they share common resources. These may have different levels criticality with respect temporal or fault-tolerance properties we call the result their integration mixed-criticality system. The communication network resource particular importance nowadays system architecture highly determined by network's capabilities. A for has establish partitioning influence...

In this paper we are interested in safety-critical distributed systems, composed of heterogeneous processing elements interconnected using the TTEthernet protocol. We address hard real-time mixed-criticality applications, which may have different criticality levels, and focus on optimization communication configuration. integrates three types traffic: Time-Triggered (TT) messages, Event-Triggered (ET) messages with bounded end-to-end delay, also called Rate Constrained (RC) Best-Effort (BE)...

Many industries, including the automotive industry and industrial automation, have a need for reliable real-time communication. To satisfy this need, industry-specific, often proprietary, solutions been developed in recent decades. Time-sensitive networking (TSN) is addressing grand unification of these existing technologies to leverage cross-industry cost efficiency as well guarantee stable growth path communication capabilities. While functionality time-sensitive exhaustively standardized...

Configuration processes of real-time networks are costly both in terms time and engineering effort require the system to be shutdown during reconfiguration phase thus resulting significant down as well. The convergence IT/OT technologies is bringing a whole world possibilities for configuration management automation industry. With software defined networking (SDN) features like separation data control plane standards IEEE 802.1 developed with goal adding deterministic capabilities...

Fog Computing is about to tremendously impact the industrial automation industry. While, today's systems use proprietary technology provide real-time and dependability guarantees, enables a paradigm shift from this operations (OT) usage of standard IT equipment infrastructure. Thus, one key elements Industrial Internet Things Industry 4.0. In particular, future will be enabled by: increased IP-protocols, e.g., standardized Deterministic Ethernet solutions IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)...

In this paper we are interested in safety-critical real-time applications implemented on distributed architectures using the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard. The ongoing standardization of TSN is an IEEE effort to bring deterministic capabilities into 802.1 Ethernet standard supporting systems and guaranteed Quality-of-Service. will support Time-Triggered (TT) communication based schedule tables, Audio-Video-Bridging (AVB) streams with bounded end-to-end latency as well Best-Effort...

Transport and magnetic properties are reported for ternary skutterudites ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.83}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.73}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}.$ Physical of ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.73}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ dominated by crystal electric field effects, yielding in the triplet ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{5}$ as ground state. As a result, long-range order appears below 4.6 K. exhibits an unusually high electronic contribution to specific heat...

TTEthernet is a novel communication infrastructures that allows using single physical infrastructure for distributed applications with mixed-criticality requirements, e.g. the command and control systems audio/video systems. This achieved via fault-tolerant self-stabilizing synchronization strategy, which establishes temporal partitioning and, hence, ensures isolation of critical dataflows from non-critical dataflows. The focus in this paper on dataflow TTEthernet. For we take as given...

Real-time networks have tight communication latency and minimal jitter requirements. One way to ensure these requirements is the implementation of a static schedule, which defines transmission points in time time-triggered frames. Synthesizing such schedules known be an NP-complete problem where complexity driven by large number constraints imposed network. Satisfiabily Modulo Theories (SMT) been proven powerful tools synthesize medium-to-large industrial networks. However, new extremely...

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things projects work towards adoption standard IT technologies for real-time control networks in industrial automation. For this the IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group has developed continues to develop a set standards. One these standards is 802.1AS clock synchronization protocol. can be used enable time-triggered communication as well coordinate distributed actions networks. In paper we study quality are interested whether clocks...

The increasing performance of modern model-checking tools offers high potential for the computer-aided design fault-tolerant algorithms. Instead relying on human imagination to generate taxing failure scenarios probe a algorithm during development, we define fault behavior faulty process at its interfaces remaining system and use model checking automatically examine all possible scenarios. We call this approach "exhaustive simulation". In paper illustrate exhaustive simulation using new...

Time-triggered networks, like TTEthernet, require adoption of a predefined schedule to guarantee low communication latency and minimal jitter. The synthesis such schedules is problem known be NP-complete. In the past, specialized solvers have been used for synthesizing time-triggered schedules, but more recently general-purpose tools Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) reported large network in reasonable time industrial purposes. An interesting characteristic any tool that its...