Cool‐season grasses infected with Neotyphodium spp. endophytes have an extraordinary impact on the ecology and economy of pasture turf. A range adaptations endophyte‐infected to biotic abiotic stresses has been identified but mechanisms these are not clearly understood. In this review, we present recent research progress endophyte‐related affecting (drought, mineral) selected aspects stress tolerance in cool‐season grasses. Endophytes induce drought avoidance (morphological adaptations),...

Abstract The coastal plain of the southeastern USA lacks a dependable perennial cool season forage crop, but tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) germplasms have been developed which show greater persistence and yield than currently marketed cultivars in this region. Since these were found to be infected with endophyte Acremonium coenophialum Morgan‐Jones Gams), contribution their performance was unknown. objective study compare stand survival endophyte‐infected (El) endophyte‐free...

Tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a common pasture grass adapted to wide range of environmental conditions. An endophyte, Acremoninm coenophialum Morgan‐Jones & Gams, growing in association with tall known produce ergopeptine alkaloids that are thought be detrimental animal health. Endophyteinfection changes how plants grow and may involved the adaptability extremes. The objective this study was determine whether plant‐endophyte associations had previously tested as high low...

Abstract Endophyte ( Acremonium coenophialum Morgan‐Jones et Gams) ‐infected tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) produces ergopeptine alkaloids (EP) that may be associated with toxicosis symptoms in cattle BOS taurus ). A study was conducted during 1983 and 1984 at Watkinsville, GA, to determine the effects of endophyte infection, season, N fertilization on EP concentration steer average daily gain (ADG) grazed 0.7‐ha paddocks. Treatments included low (LF) high (HF) infection frequency...

Abstract Neotyphodium spp. fungal endophytes form symbiotic associations with agronomic grasses expression ranging from mutualistic to parasitic. In general, endophyte infection frequencies seem more variable in natural compared pastoral situations, suggesting that and benefits attributable depend on the resource environment which host–endophyte complex was formed conditions under it is being grown. Emerging evidence suggests not always or beneficial host terms of productivity persistence...

Abstract Neotyphodium coenophialum, (Morgan‐Jones & Gams) Glenn, Bacon Hanlin, infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants perform better than non‐infected isolines on phosphorus (P)‐deficient soils. Our objective was to characterize growth and P uptake dynamics of in response endophyte infection source at low availability soil. Two genotypes (DN2 DN4) with their naturally occurring N. coenophialum strains (E+), noninfected (E‐) forms were grown Lily soil (fine loamy siliceous,...

Mechanisms involved in mineral stress tolerance of cool‐season grasses infected by Neotyphodium spp. endophytes are not known. In a controlled‐environment experiment, two genotypes (DN2 and DN4) tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (E+) with their naturally occurring strains N. coenophialum (Morgan‐Jones Gams) Glenn, Bacon Hanlin, non‐infected (E−) isolines were cultivated nutrient solution at phosphorus (P) levels 31 mg P dm −3 (P+) 0.31 (P−) for 3 weeks. Diameters lateral roots, root...

A symbiotic relationship exists between the endophytic fungus, Acremonium coenophlalum Morgan‐Jones and Gains tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). The response of host planto endophyte has been studied by comparing infected or noninfected populations in field an individual plant genotype greenhouse. lack a more thorough investigation genotypes with without their endophytes suggests that known responses plants to infection are limited restricted conditions which they were tested....

Superior growth and persistence has been reported in endophyte-infected grasses; however, findings may have confounded by experiment conditions including plant genotype. A controUed-environment study was designed to address some characteristics of four tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) accessions as influenced endophyte (Acremonium coenophiahim Morgan-Jones et Gams) water regime. Endophyte-infected plants were collected, vegetatively propagated treated with propiconazole (11 kg a.i....

Many cool-season grass species have evolved with asexual, nonsymptomatic fungal endophytes of the genus <em>Epichloë</em> (formerly <em>Neotyphodium</em>) family Clavicipitaceae. These associations range from parasitic to mutualistic and dramatic effects on host chemistry, increasing resistance abiotic (drought, soil mineral imbalance) biotic (vertebrate invertebrate herbivory, nematodes, plant pathogens, competition) stresses. Native endophyte strains produce a...

Abstract Roots of endophyte‐infected (E+) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) exude more phenolic‐like reductants than roots endophyte‐free (E‐) plants when mineral stressed. Phenolic compounds are efficient chelators aluminum (Al) and may influence Al tolerance in many plant species. The objective our study was to determine if enhanced release phenolic by E+ contributes fescue. Two cloned genotypes (DN2 DN11) infected with their naturally occurring fungal endophyte Neotyphodium...

The fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum Morgan‐Jones & W. Gams can modify productivity and stress tolerance of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreber). Clonal populations five genotypes were used in a glasshouse experiment to assess the effect infection soil pH on plant yield, demography, development. Genotypes differed for most measured parameters, general lack interactions among infection, genotype, lime allowed use treatment means identify trends that may be reflected larger...

Abstract Impaired animal performance on tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea , Schreb.) pasture has been associated with the presence of a fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum ). A number alkaloids, including loline derivatives N‐formyl and N‐acetyl loline, occur in infected fescue. study was conducted at Watkinsville, GA, Cecil sandy loam (Typic hapludult) to examine influence N fertilization season infection frequency (EIF) derivative alkaloid concentration (LDA) grazed low high Paddocks...

Alkaloids, along with specific environmental conditions, have been associated both detrimental and beneficial aspects of endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones et Gams) infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) associations. Benefits to the plant accrue through reduced herbivory, whereas detriment animal occurs as altered grazing behaviour productivity. A controlled environment study was conducted examine pyrrolizidine ergopeptine alkaloid concentration four accessions...

Abstract Small farms in Appalachia need management options that diversify income opportunities, are adaptable to new livestock strategies, and help maintain environmental integrity. Plantings of temperate bamboo ( Poaceae ), including species native West Virginia, were established determine the potential nutritive value for small ruminants, such as goats Capra hircus at different times year. The we evaluated, included several Phyllostachys spp., Semiarundiaria fastuosa Arundinaria gigantea ,...

Cool‐season grasses infected with Neotyphodium endophytes may be more persistent and competitive than non‐infected plants. In a greenhouse experiment, two tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cloned genotypes (DN2 DN11) different growth characteristics endophyte status (E−, non‐infected; E+, infected) were grown in monocultures full competition red clover Trifolium pratense L.) cv. Reddy Red for 20 weeks. When monoculture, infection reduced the root dry matter (DM) of DN2 (16 %) DN11...

Abstract The influence of ecological and environmental factors on the response mutualistic symbionts Acremonium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones Gams), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea , Schreb.) has received substantial attention. However, much what is known about developmental physiological responses been obtained from static or mature canopies defoliation symbiota not considered in detail. A controlled environment experiment was conducted to assess endophyte regrowth development two genotypes...