Enhancements in relativistic electron fluxes the outer radiation belt often occur following magnetic storms and have been suggested to result from resonant interactions with enhanced whistler‐mode chorus emissions observed on dawnside. Using observations during a period of persistent high‐speed, corotating, solar wind streams, we investigate aspects wind‐magnetosphere coupling that lead these emissions. We find energization occurs association large‐amplitude Alfvén waves within high‐speed...

Findings from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission uncover frequent occurrences of small-scale magnetic flux ropes (SMFRs) and switchbacks (SBs - sharp deflection field direction with radial velocity spike inside) as structural components solar wind. These mesoscale structures are present at all heliocentric distances specifically active in young SMFRs exhibit fundamental physical traits akin to larger but distinguished by their notably smaller scale, lasting seconds a couple hours, spanning...

Abstract This study investigated electron phase space densities (PSDs) in geostationary orbits using data from Korea's satellite, GK2A, as well GOES‐16 and GOES‐17 satellites. The PSDs were computed fluxes measured by each satellite during a geomagnetically quiet period defined stringent conditions on geomagnetic activity. conjunction of the satellites over invariant coordinates enabled pairs to be compared assess extent deviation PSD ratios expected ratio one, inferred Liouville theorem....

Geosynchronous satellites are often exposed to energetic electrons, the flux of which varies a large extent. Since electrons can cause irreparable damage satellites, efforts develop electron prediction models have long been made until recently. In this study, we adopt neural network scheme construct model for geosynchronous in wide energy range (40 keV >2 MeV) and at high time resolution (as based on 5 min data). As inputs, take solar wind variables, geomagnetic indices, fluxes themselves....

Abstract The Korean space weather monitor (KSEM) aboard the GEO-KOMPSAT-2A (GK2A) has been continuously measuring energetic particle flux in geostationary orbit at 128.2°E longitude since July 2019. detector (PD) component of KSEM comprises six telescopes viewing different directions that provide near-real-time electron observations within energy range 100 keV to 3.8 MeV. PD on GK2A satellite, together with MPS-HI GOES-16 satellite 156.6° away, can valuable simultaneous asymmetric...

Abstract Accurate knowledge of the global distribution plasmaspheric hiss is essential for radiation belt modeling because it provides a direct link to understanding loss in slot region. In this paper, we study dependence activity on solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices using Time History Events Macroscale Interactions during Substorms measurements made from 1 July 2008 30 June 2012 based correlation analysis. We find that amplitudes are well correlated with preceding speed V SW ,...

Abstract Rapid injection of MeV electrons associated with strong substorm dipolarization has been suggested as a potential explanation for some radiation belt enhancement events. However, it difficult to quantify the contribution electron injections enhancements. This paper presents two isolated events which we quite precisely how entire outer‐belt immediately changed injections. Tracking detailed evolution observed by Van Allen Probes, both events, identify large step‐like relativistic...

Abstract It is well known that the plasmapause influenced by solar wind and magnetospheric conditions. Empirical models of its location have been previously developed such as those O'Brien Moldwin (2003) Larsen et al. (2006). In this study, we identified locations using plasma density data obtained from Time History Events Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellites. We used for period (2008–2012) corresponding to ascending phase Solar Cycle 24. Our database includes over a...

Abstract We report on observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and their interactions with injected ring current particles high energy radiation belt electrons. The magnetic field experiment aboard the twin Van Allen Probes spacecraft measured EMIC near L = 5.5–6. Particle data from show that were associated particle injections. wave activity was also observed by a ground‐based magnetometer geomagnetic footprint over more extensive temporal range. Phase space density...

Abstract Observation of growing phase space density (PSD) peak in the outer electron radiation belt has been considered evidence for local wave‐driven acceleration as a primary cause enhancement. However, recent studies showed that strong substorm‐associated MeV injections can also significant enhancements on fast timescales (∼10s min). Such rapid pose challenges determining true spatial PSD profiles. To address this, we conduct detailed spatiotemporal analysis flux and during an enhancement...

Abstract In this study, we report on small-scale magnetic flux ropes (SMFRs) observed as a compact series in narrow Carrington longitudinal range during three Parker Solar Probe (PSP) encounters. First, ∼1.5 days of PSP's inbound part Encounter 4, identified 11 SMFRs within 1.°4 longitude over the radial distance ∼8.4 R ☉ (from ∼44 to 35 ). The lasted from ∼0.5 1.8 hr, and adjacent events were separated mostly by few hours up ∼6.5 hr at longest, but some very closely spaced with intervals...

Abstract Magnetopause shadowing is regarded as one of the major reasons for loss relativistic radiation belt electrons, although this has not yet been fully validated by observations. Previous simulations on process assumed that all electrons encountering magnetopause are simply lost into magnetosheath just ring current ions can be and did examine details particle dynamics across inside which a finite thickness. In paper, we perform test orbit calculations based simplified one‐dimensional...

Abstract Physics of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves is complicated by inclusion heavy ions. In particular, He + ions in the magnetosphere have long been considered to play important roles. Motivated recent observations, we examine effect hot anisotropic addition usual protons. We solve kinetic dispersion relation for this examination and find following results. First, leads growth EMIC at frequencies below gyrofrequency (He band) a reduction wave rates (or damping waves) between...

Abstract Anisotropic velocity distributions of protons have long been considered as free energy sources for exciting electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the Earth's magnetosphere. Here we rigorously calculated proton anisotropy parameter using data obtained from Van Allen Probe‐A observations. The calculations are performed times during EMIC wave events (distinguishing immediately after and before onsets) exhibiting no waves. We find that values often larger onsets than just...

Abstract Magnetospheric compression due to impact of enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure P dyn has long been considered as one the generation mechanisms electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. With Van Allen Probe‐A observations, we identify three EMIC wave events that are triggered by enhancements under prolonged northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) quiet time preconditions. They in contrast another a few aspects. Event 1 occurs middle continuously increasing while is located...

Abstract In this paper, using the multisatellite (the Van Allen Probes and two GOES satellites) observations in inner magnetosphere, we examine electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave events that are triggered by P dyn enhancements under prolonged northward interplanetary magnetic field quiet time preconditions. For both events, impact of enhanced causes EMIC waves at multiple points. However, find a strong spatial dependence due to can occur points (likely globally but not necessarily...

[1] The radial diffusion process can play an important role in redistributing the radiation belt electron fluxes. In this work, we have performed 1-D simulations to examine evolution of phase space density (PSD) outer electrons and estimate corresponding fluxes during storm recovery phase. key element that distinguishes our from previous works is initial condition for PSD, which characterized by a steep gradient across trapping boundary. simulations, formed as result drift loss effect...

Abstract Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves have long been considered major plasma that can cause the atmospheric precipitation of electrons. In this work, we perform test particle calculations interactions between relativistic electrons and EMIC with oblique wave normal angle (WNA) noncircular polarization. We demonstrate advective diffusive changes in electron pitch (PA) under a uniform background magnetic field for broad ranges kinetic energy (KE), PA, WNA, ellipticity. First,...

We investigated the properties of physical parameters during earthward flow burst (FB) events in near‐Earth magnetic tail. For investigation, we used measurements made by two Cluster satellites, C1 and C4, from 2001 to 2003 selected FB based on a set strict criteria. First, while confirmed well‐known fact that FBs are characterized generally having lower density than their surrounding medium, newly found maximum speed is statistically proportional depletion amount relative medium . Namely,...

Simulation technology is becoming increasingly crucial in the design and optimization of satellites due to difficulties testing verifying system parameters on ground. Computationally tractable accurate methods are required order test satellite complex dynamic space environment. Although various teams have developed simulation tools, many suffer from inaccurate numerical integrators, resulting their simulations being low fidelity for long duration simulations. This paper presents a...

The Korean heliospheric community, led by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), is currently assessing viability of deploying a spacecraft at Sun-Earth Lagrange Point L4 in collaboration with National Aeronautics Administration (NASA). aim this mission to utilize combination remote sensing situ instruments for comprehensive observations, complementing capabilities L1 L5 observatories. paper outlines long-term scientific objectives, underscoring significance multi-point...

Abstract Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can cause relativistic electron scattering and atmospheric precipitation, primarily via resonant interactions in the Earth's radiation belts. However, conventional quasilinear resonance theory suggests that condition is not satisfied for 90° pitch angle (PA) electrons, which constitute majority of electrons outer belt, such mainly affects low‐PA electrons. In contrast to this theory, using test particle calculations, we demonstrate even...

Since OLED was first mass‐produced by Samsung Display, various researches related to OLEDs have been actively conducted and now days, People are using displays every single day. As a next generation organic‐optoelectronic display, we suggest the All‐in‐one Sensor Display which can be used for fingerprint recognition, proximity sensor, illuminance sensing photoplethysmogram is an area of rapid interest in recent years. To demonstrate entire display area, this research, successfully fabricated...