Biochar has been proposed as a soil amendment in agricultural applications due to its advantageous adsorptive properties, high porosity, and low cost. These properties allow biochar retain nutrients, yet the effects of on bacterial growth remain poorly understood. To examine how influences microbial metabolism, Escherichia coli was grown complex, well-defined media treated with either or activated carbon. The concentration metabolites were then quantified at several time points using NMR...

Abstract Purpose – This paper seeks to describe a deep investigation of the phenomenon internet engagement amongst older people. The likelihood has been shown in previous work rapidly decrease with age, and patterns disengagement are most pronounced Design/methodology/approach study comprises qualitative consisting observation interviews conducted within programme literacy workshops funded by Welsh Assembly Government. Findings reflection research data collected led development model...

Objective To estimate the direct healthcare cost of being overweight or obese throughout pregnancy to National Health Service in Wales. Design Retrospective prevalence-based study. Setting Combined linked anonymised electronic datasets gathered on a cohort women enrolled Growing Up Wales: Environments for Healthy Living (EHL) Women were categorised into two groups: normal body mass index (BMI; n=260) and overweight/obese (BMI>25; n=224). Participants 484 singleton pregnancies with...

Abstract Background Fitness and physical activity are important for cardiovascular mental health but fitness levels declining especially in adolescents among girls. This study examines clustering of factors associated with low order to best target public interventions young people. Methods 1147 children were assessed fitness, had blood samples, anthropometric measures all data linked routine electronic examine educational achievement, deprivation service usage. Factors examined using...

In the last decade, nanoparticles (NPs) have become a key tool in medicine and biotechnology as drug delivery systems, biosensors diagnostic devices. The composition surface chemistry of NPs vary based on materials used: typically organic polymers, inorganic materials, or lipids. Nanoparticle classes can be further divided into sub-categories depending modification functionalization. These properties matter when are introduced physiological environment, they will influence how nucleic acids,...

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase individuals’ risks of poor health across the life course. For children that suffer household-based ACEs, in other settings such as schools have potential to exacerbate or mitigate health. However, few studies examined effects. This study aimed examine relationships between school and adult outcomes. Methods A national cross-sectional household survey ( N = 1,868 aged 18+) was undertaken Wales using random quota sampling...

Objective To classify wear and non-wear time of accelerometer data for accurately quantifying physical activity in public health or population level research. Design A bi-moving-window-based approach was used to combine acceleration skin temperature identify events triaxial that monitor activity. Setting Local residents Swansea, Wales, UK. Participants 50 participants aged under 16 years (n=23) over 17 (n=27) were recruited two phases: phase 1: design the wear/non-wear algorithm (n=20) 2:...

Background This study examines the effect of low daily physical activity levels and overweight/obesity in pregnancy on delivery perinatal outcomes. Methods A prospective cohort combining manually collected postnatal notes with anonymised data linkage. total 466 women sampled from Growing Up Wales: Environments for Healthy Living study. Women completed a questionnaire were included if they had an available Body mass index (BMI) (collected at 12 weeks gestation antenatal records) and/or score...

Adolescents face many barriers to physical activity, demonstrated by the decline in activity levels teenage populations. This study aimed assess feasibility of overcoming such via implementation an activity-promoting voucher scheme teenagers deprived areas. All Year 9 pupils (n = 115; 13.3 ± 0.48 years; 51 % boys) from one secondary school Wales (UK) participated. Participants received £25 vouchers every month for six months or sporting equipment. Focus groups 7), with 43 pupils, and...

Across bacterial species, metal binding proteins can serve functions in pathogenesis addition to regulating homeostasis. We have compared and contrasted the activities of zinc (Zn2+)-binding lipoproteins AdcA AdcAII Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4 background. Exposure Zn2+-limiting conditions resulted delayed growth a strain lacking (ΔAdcAII) when wild type bacteria or mutant (ΔAdcA). failed interact with extracellular matrix protein laminin despite homology laminin-binding related...

Childhood obesity presents a challenge to public health. This qualitative study explored the main barriers dietary choices faced by parents with infants, and types of interventions policy level recommendations they would like see put in place, promote healthier food environment. 61 semi-structured interviews prospective infants (61 mothers 35 fathers) were conducted. Families selected according community deprivation levels using Townsend Deprivation Index ensure representative sample from...

“We, the women, have a big stake in these issues,” proclaimed Florence Sillers Ogden as she spoke favor of segregation to eight hundred women assembled Mississippi 1948 (p. 132). The description speech comes at midpoint Elizabeth Gillespie McRae's brilliantly argued Mothers Massive Resistance, encapsulating book's central thesis: white southern were deeply committed Jim Crow. McRae locates roots “massive resistance” early 1920s. She tells this story through describes segregation's “constant...

Childhood injury is the second leading cause of death for infants aged 1-5 years in United Kingdom (UK) and most unintentional injuries occur home. We explored mothers' knowledge awareness child prevention sought to discover views about best method designing interventions deliver appropriate safety messages prevent home.Qualitative study based on 21 semi-structured interviews with prospective mothers young children. Mothers were selected according neighbourhood deprivation status.There was...

Trust in health and other systems can affect uptake of public advice engagement with services. Individuals who had adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely to experience ill at earlier ages. Ensuring their services is important improving life course prospects, but little known about how ACEs trust such the information they provide. Data were collected via a national household survey residents Wales (aged ≥18 years, n=1880, November 2022-March 2023). Questions measured ACE...

To understand the key challenges and explore recommendations from teenagers to promote physical activity with a focus on ethnic minority children. Focus groups aged 16-18 of Bangladeshi, Somali or Welsh descent attending participating school in South Wales, UK. There were seventy four participants (18 Somali, 24 Bangladeshi 32 children) divided into 12 groups. The boys more positive about benefits exercise than girls felt there not enough facilities opportunity for unsupervised activity. was...

Objective To estimate the direct healthcare cost of infants born to overweight or obese mothers National Health Service in UK. Design Retrospective prevalence-based study. Setting Combined linked anonymised electronic data sets on a cohort mother–child pairs enrolled Growing Up Wales: Environments for Healthy Living (EHL) Infants were categorised according maternal early-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): healthy weight mother (18.5≤BMI<25 kg/m 2 ; n=342), (25≤BMI≤29.9 n=157) and (BMI≥30;...

Background This study examines the effect of diabetes in pregnancy on offspring weight at birth and ages 1 5 years. Methods A population-based electronic cohort using routinely collected linked healthcare data. Electronic medical records provided maternal status years (n = 147,773 mother child pairs). Logistic regression models were used to obtain odds ratios describe association between size, adjusted for pre-pregnancy weight, age smoking status. Findings We identified 1,250 (0.9%)...

Abstract Each year, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) results in significant economic loss the cattle sector, and novel metabolic profiling for early diagnosis represents a promising tool developing effective measures management. Here, 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance ( H-NMR) spectra were used to characterize metabolites from blood plasma collected male dairy calves (n = 10) intentionally infected with two of main BRD causal agents, syncytial virus (BRSV) Mannheimia haemolytica (MH), generate...

Background: Women have a relatively high risk of experiencing depressive episodes during the perimenopause. Indications for and acceptance hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are increasingly controversial, serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants an attractive potential treatment option both mood somatic symptoms Methods: This study is open-label, 8-week trial escitalopram perimenopausal depression associated with Twenty women received were serially assessed Hamilton Rating Scale...

Health is a result of influences operating at multiple levels. For example, inadequate housing, poor educational attainment, and reduced access to health care are clustered together, all associated with health. Policies which try change individual people's behaviour have limited effect when people little control over their environment. However, structural environmental an understanding the way that interact each other, has potential facilitate healthy choices irrespective personal resources....

PurposeTo examine the effect of educational attainment in primary school on later adolescent health.MethodsEducation data attainments at age 7 and 11 were linked with (1) secondary care injury consultation/admissions (2) Health Behaviour School-aged Children survey. Cox regression was carried out to if predicts time adolescence.ResultsPupils that achieve but not (i.e., declining over school) are more likely have an during adolescence. These children also self-report drinking...

Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizes the human nasopharyngeal mucosa and is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media, bacterial meningitis. Metal ion homeostasis vital to survival this pathogen across diverse biological sites contributes significantly colonization invasive disease. Microarray qRT-PCR analysis revealed an upregulation uncharacterized operon (SP1433-1438) in pneumococci subjected metal-chelation by...

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect individuals' resilience to stressors and their vulnerability mental, physical social harms. This study explored associations between ACEs, financial coping during the cost-of-living crisis perceived impacts on health well-being. National cross-sectional face-to-face survey. Recruitment used a random quota sample of households stratified by region deprivation quintile. Households in Wales, UK. 1880 Welsh residents aged ≥18 years. Outcome...

NMR spectroscopy is traditionally introduced to students during Organic Chemistry as a tool used for structure elucidation and conformational analysis. also has numerous applications beyond determination, including quantitative analysis of samples. For this study, an experiment was developed use functions 400 MHz quantify the ethanol content in different liquor samples Instrumental Analysis course. The concentrations alcohol vodka other liquors were determined using electronic reference...

Abstract Background Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Early childhood a critical period when healthy behaviours can be instilled for future active lifestyle. We explored community, societal and environmental factors affecting child family physical activity sought parent recommendations to support in families with young children. Methods interviewed 61 parents expecting or baby ≤12 months (35 mother father paired interviews 26 mothers only). purposively...