Context.—Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is marker exposure to tobacco smoke. Previous studies suggest that non-Hispanic blacks have higher levels serum cotinine than whites who report similar cigarette smoking.Objective.—To investigate differences in black, white, and Mexican American smokers the US adult population.Design.—Third National Health Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991.Participants.—A nationally representative sample persons aged 17 years or older participated...

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the use flavored e-cigarettes varies between youth (12-17 years old), young adults (18-29 and older (30 + old). Cross-sectional surveys school-going (

<h3>Importance</h3> Debate is ongoing about whether the scientific evidence of health risks electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) compared with combustible (hereinafter referred to as cigarettes) has been accurately communicated public. Large representative surveys are needed examine how public perceives risk e-cigarettes and their perceptions change over time. <h3>Objective</h3> To US adults perceived harm relative perception changed from 2012 2017. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3>...

The authors test the hypotheses that parameters of advertising sensitivity for adolescents are significant and perhaps larger than those adults. Cigarette brand shares voice found to be significantly related realized market shares, with being about three times among teenagers This result is robust various analytic assumptions converges strategic analysis, consumer behavior theory research, econometric metanalyses, historical corporate documents. argue cigarette competition between firms...

The purpose of this study was to determine national trends in adolescent cigarette smoking prevalence.We conducted trend analyses based on 1974 through 1991 current prevalence data among persons aged 12 19 years from the National Household Surveys Drug Abuse, High School Seniors Surveys, and Health Interview Surveys.Overall declined much more rapidly 1980 (1.9 percentage points annually younger adolescents; range surveys older adolescents 0.2 2.0 annually) than 1985 (0 0.5 all adolescents)....

If dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes is a transition state to tobacco nicotine cessation, it may be tolerable temporary condition. But, if long-term behavior, increase harm the population as whole, efforts should aim reduce much possible. To develop effective control policy, changes in need better understood.National probability samples U.S. adults 2015 (n = 6051), 2016 6014), 2017 5992), 2018 5989) reported their smoking e-cigarette status, including frequency use. Weighted...

Background The potential of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) to reduce the cardiovascular and other disease risks smoking is great interest. While many smokers report using ENDS for cessation, their impact under real-world use patterns conditions on adult smokers' quitting behavior uncertain. objective this study was generate more recent comprehensive evidence effect "real world" population quit rates while taking account frequency duration use, device type, e-liquid flavor,...

This study assessed the awareness and use of traditional novel tobacco products dual cigarettes with electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among USA adults. Data were obtained from 2014 Tobacco Products Risk Perceptions Survey a probability sample 5717 adults conducted June–November, 2014. Use ENDS varied by demography cigarette other use. Adults aged 25–34, non-heterosexual adults, those reporting poorer health reported higher rates current Current smokers had much greater odds ever...

Although heated tobacco products (HTP) have been on and off the commercial market for past three decades (eg, Premier, Eclipse Accord), they not received widespread consumer acceptance as an alternative to combustible cigarettes. This may change with recent product innovations, shifts in preferences landscape a US regulatory environment that permit internationally available HTP be sold USA, possibly reduced exposure or risk statement. study examined extent of awareness use USA assessed...

Adults with mental health conditions (MHC) are especially likely to smoke and experience tobacco-related disparities. Individuals MHC may also use electronic nicotine delivery devices (ENDS) at disproportionately high rates. However, there is a relative dearth of knowledge regarding ENDS among individuals MHC. In large representative sample U.S. adults (n = 6051), associations between self-reported diagnoses susceptibility were examined, stratified by smoking status. Participants...

This study sought to reassess the relationship between cigarette smoking and education.Data from 1983 1991 National Health Interview Survey for participants aged 25 years older were used plot prevalence of current smoking, ever heavy cessation, as well adjusted log odds ratios, by education.The "less than high school graduate" category consisted two groups with distinct patterns: persons 0 8 9 11 education. The latter most likely be current, ever, smokers least have quit whereas former...

This paper presents the results of theory-based intervention strategies to increase adoption a tobacco prevention program. The followed series dissemination targeted at 128 school districts in Texas. Informed by Social Cognitive Theory, provided opportunities for learn about and model themselves after 'successful' that had adopted program, see potential social reinforcement through knowledge program have an important influence on students' lives. proportion Intervention condition was...

Three successive, cross-sectional surveys were used to measure the impact of a restrictive smoking policy on employee patterns, perceived exposure environmental tobacco smoke, attitudes about policy, and smoking-related norms in large decentralized state agency. No significant change was detected prevalence, proportion smokers attempting quit, or total daily consumption cigarettes by smokers. The at work decreased significantly, from 16.9% 4.9% 15 more per day. respondents bothered every day...

This study examines little cigar and cigarillo (LCC) adult user characteristics, perceived addictiveness, use importance of flavors, intentions to continue use, reasons for inform prevention efforts regulatory policy.Data come from the 2014 Tobacco Products Risk Perceptions Survey a national probability sample 5717 US adults, conducted online, June-November, 2014. The analytic consisted 141 current LCC users.Current smokers were more likely be male, younger, black or Hispanic, lower SES,...

This study evaluates the reasons for use and acceptance of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) among current former cigarette smokers to assess if ENDS may become a satisfying alternative cigarettes. Data are from national probability sample 5717 US adults, surveyed June–November 2014. The survey contained questions on awareness, usage, traditional novel tobacco products. analytic was who ever used (n = 729) divided into four mutually exclusive categories. Among 585 smokers, 337 were...