In greenhouse production, most floricultural crops are cultivated in soilless substrates, which often supply limited amounts of plant-available silicon (Si). The goal this study was to determine the effects Si supplementation on greenhouse-produced ornamental sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. ‘Ring Fire’). Potassium silicate (KSiO 3 ) substrate incorporation or weekly drenches, sodium (NaSiO foliar applications, and rice husk ash were used as supplements. Silicon content Si-treated plants...

Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert causes a destructive root rot in cotton, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and many other dicot species. No consistently effective control measures or resistant host germplasm for Phymatotrichum (PRR) are known. The relative genetic intractability of cotton precludes their use as model pathosystem hosts P. omnivora. Therefore, we used the legume M. truncatula its available genomic resources to investigate PRR. Confocal imaging interactions with roots...

ABSTRACT A validated, multigene-based method using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and the Razor Ex BioDetection system was developed for detection of Phymatotrichopsis omnivora. This soilborne fungus causes root rot cotton, alfalfa, other dicot crops in southwestern United States northern Mexico, leading to significant crop losses limiting range that can be grown soils where is established. It on multiple lists regulated organisms. Because P. omnivora difficult isolate, accurate sensitive...

Early stage infections caused by fungal/oomycete spores may not be detected until signs or symptoms develop. Serological and molecular techniques are currently used for detecting these pathogens. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has potential as a diagnostic tool, due to the capacity target multiple unique signature loci of pathogens in an infected plant metagenome. NGS significant diagnosis important eukaryotic However, assembly analysis huge amounts sequence is laborious, time consuming,...

Cotton root rot is an important soilborne disease of cotton and numerous dicot plants in the south-western United States Mexico. The causal organism, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (= Phymatotrichum omnivorum), known only as asexual, holoanamorphic (mitosporic) fungus, produces conidia resembling those Botrytis. Although corticoid basidiomycetes Phanerochaete (Polyporales) Sistotrema brinkmannii (Cantharellales; both Agaricomycetes) have been suggested teleomorphs omnivora, phylogenetic analyses...

The principal objective of this study was to determine the etiology a canker disease in dormant stone fruit and apple tree seedlings maintained refrigerated storage that has significantly impacted California nut nurseries. Signs symptoms develop during or soon after planting, with subsequent decline death young trees. Isolations from both diseased healthy almond trees Koch's postulates using stem segments desiccation-stressed as hosts implicated Fusarium avenaceum F. acuminatum primary...

Members of the anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) reside in rumen, hindgut, and feces ruminant non-ruminant herbivorous mammals reptilian herbivores. No protocols for gene insertion, deletion, silencing, or mutation are currently available AGF, rendering gene-targeted molecular biological manipulations unfeasible. Here, we developed optimized an RNA interference (RNAi)-based protocol targeted silencing fungus Pecoramyces ruminantium strain C1A. Analysis C1A genome identified genes encoding enzymes...

The advancement in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology allows the detection of pathogens without need for isolation or template amplification. Plant regulatory agencies worldwide are adopting HTS as a prescreening tool plant imported germplasm. technique is multipronged process and, often, bioinformatic analysis complicates detection. Previously, we developed E-probe diagnostic nucleic acid (EDNA), that detects data. EDNA uses custom databases signature sequences (e-probes) to reduce...

Spring dead spot, caused by Ophiosphaerella herpotricha, is the most important disease of turf-type bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) in transition zone United States. Despite importance disease, only limited information available about host-pathogen interaction at cellular level. To evaluate host plant interaction, an isolate O. herpotricha expressing green fluorescent proteins (GFP) or red (tdTomato) was used to study infection and colonization roots stolons several cultivars. Roots cultivars...

Abstract. The white-rot fungus is capable of selectively degrading lignin over polymeric sugars. Solid-state cultivation and subsequent simultaneous saccharification fermentation for ethanol production were performed. Effects moisture content (MC) inoculum on biomass degradation, ligninolytic enzyme, evaluated. First, fungal pretreatment was performed with varied MC levels sampled every 20 days. highest xylose yield observed 15.6% samples 75% 5 mL at 40 degradation 52% 31% (based the glucan...

Spring dead spot (SDS) is a devastating disease of bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], widely used turfgrass in the transition zone United States. The fungi causing SDS have been identified as belonging to three species genus Ophiosphaerella based on cultural characters and morphology seldom encountered pseudothecial stages. O. herpotricha (Fr.) Walker, korrae (Walker & Smith) Shoemaker Babc., narmari Wetzel, Hulburt Tisserat] usually form only sterile mycelia culture,...

Larvae of Phyllophaga spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are important turfgrass pests in many regions the United States. However, not all species associated with known, including most likely to be economic concern Oklahoma turfgrasses, especially Bermuda grass. This study documented composition and seasonal occurrence high maintenance grass turf over a 2-yr period. In 2005 2006, adult were collected blacklight traps from selected golf courses throughout larvae obtained stands at sod production...

E-probe Diagnostic for Nucleic acid Analysis (EDNA) is a bioinformatic tool originally developed to detect plant pathogens in metagenomic databases. However, enhancements made EDNA increased its capacity conduct hypothesis directed detection of specific gene targets present transcriptomic To target pathogenicity factors used by the pathogen infect host or other interest, e-probes need be transcripts related that function. In this study, transcriptomics (EDNAtran) was expression genes...

Pythium species are important soilborne pathogens occurring in the forest nursery industry of Pacific Northwest. However, little is known about their genetic diversity or population structure and it suspected that isolates moved among nurseries on seedling stock shared field equipment. In order to address these concerns, a total 115 three (P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, ultimum) were examined at using simple sequence repeat (SSR) amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Analyses...

The influence of temperature on the infection bermudagrass seedlings by Ophiosphaerella herpotricha and colonization plants in field was investigated. Bermudagrass (cv. Jackpot) inoculated with O. exhibited dark lesions after 8 days. Root lesion length greatest at 17°C similar for all temperatures examined below 21°C. Seedlings grown 25 or 30°C had small that remained size when evaluated 10 days post inoculation. Colonization roots from plots were July, October, November 2003 2004. In 2003,...

Abstract In June 2004, a rust fungus not previously reported for Oklahoma was found occurring naturally on the weed, common groundsel, Senecio vulgaris , in pots commercial container nursery northeastern Oklahoma. Host symptoms and morphology of teliospores aeciospores were consistent with those Puccinia lagenophorae recent introduction into North America that has, as yet, been only East West Coasts USA. This is first report central regions America. The believed to be native Australia New...

Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is the most commonly used turfgrass in southern United States where it severely affected by spring dead spot (SDS) caused Ophiosphaerella herpotricha, O. korrae, and narmari. In this study, infection of bermudagrass roots stolons korrae was characterized using a transformant that expressed red fluorescent protein tdTomato. Roots interspecific hybrid cultivars Midlawn Tifway 419, C. transvaalensis accessions Uganda 3200, dactylon cultivar U3 were inoculated...