Plastics have been extensively used in the building and construction industries for decades. However, more plastics are utilised, microplastics released. This review analysis article summarises organises knowledge from 211 current related publications published 2014–2022. The explain kinds of employed built environment. Fabrics or textiles, fibres cementitious systems, paints, tyres roads discussed. entry points into human body reviewed next, followed by management recycled wastes. important...

A 2-year field experiment was conducted to test the effects of individual and co-application biochar inorganic fertilizer on soil quality using principal component analysis (PCA) technique. The dry season experiments were performed with applied at 0 20 t ha−1, 300 kg ha−1 (control). factorial combinations above-mentioned treatments subjected irrigation 60, 80, 100% amounts (IAs). Soil hydro-physical chemical properties grain yield determined harvest. Results from PCA indicated that total...

Seasonal freeze–thaw cycles compromise soil structure, thereby increasing hydraulic conductivity but diminishing water retention capacity—both of which are essential for sustaining crop health and nutrient in agricultural soils. Prior research has suggested that biochar may alleviate these detrimental effects; however; further investigation into its influence on properties through is essential. This study explores the impact evaluates potential peanut shell to mitigate effects. Peanut was...

Infiltration rate affects slope stability by determining the of water transport to potential failure planes. This note considers influences vegetation (grass and willow) establishment root growth dynamics on infiltration rate, as related establishing bioengineered slopes. Soil columns silty sand with without were tested constant-head tests at 2, 4, 6 8 weeks after planting. increased linearly plant age below-ground traits including biomass length density. for willow-rooted soil was an order...

Soil bioengineering using vegetation has been recognised as an environmentally friendly solution for shallow slope stabilization. Plant transpiration induces suction in the soil, but its effects on stability are often ignored. This study investigates influences of transpiration-induced and mechanical reinforcement different root geometries (i.e., tap- heart-shaped) to subjected intense rainfall with intensity 70 mm/h (prototype scale; corresponding a return period 1000 years), via centrifuge...

Abstract Plant root reinforcement in soil bioengineering has gained increasing interest as a means of sustainable and environmentally friendly stabilisation. While Chrysopogon zizanioides is widely distributed tropical regions worldwide been advocated for use slope stabilisation erosion control, C . nemoralis normally mountainous areas Southeast Asian countries, its potential to reinforce rarely explored the literature. With importance properties bioengineering, this study was carried out...

Biochar has been used as an environment-friendly enhancer to improve the hydraulic properties (e.g. suction and water retention) of soil. However, variations in densities alter soil–biochar mix. Such density are observed agriculture (loosely compacted) engineering (densely applications. The influence biochar amendment on gas permeability soil barely investigated, especially for with different densities. major objective this study is investigate retention capacity, biochar-amended (BAS)...

Abstract This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis ( B. ) in self-healing cracks concrete and enhancing strength through microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). The study evaluated ability mortar cover within 28 days, taking into account width crack, observed recovery after self-healing. use microencapsulated endospores was also examined for its impact on concrete. compressive, splitting tensile, flexural strengths normal were compared those...

Pull-out resistance has been identified as one of the key reinforcement mechanisms for a plant root system to increase slope stability, but effects geometry coupled with transpiration on pull-out behaviour are not well understood. This letter presents and interprets set centrifuge tests some newly developed models that capable simulating transpiration. Three idealised simplified geometries were considered, namely tap-, heart- plate-shaped. All carried out under identical rainfall conditions...

Plant roots affect the soil shear strength, but temporal dynamics of such as growth and decay due to different mortality means have rarely been considered. This study investigates effects root on changes in biomechanical properties shearing behaviour vegetated soils. Columns compacted soils were grown with a grass species, Cynodon dactylon. The was for 6 months, followed by burning or herbicide applications introduce decay. top part each column used direct tests, whilst collected from bottom...

Abstract Quantifying evolutions of the biomechanical properties and mechanical root reinforcement to soil with duration decomposition is important land management strategy stabilisation purposes. However, variations these roots herbaceous species, especially following herbicide application in agriculture practices, have rarely been studied. This study aims measure effects due on provided by two contrasting vetiver species ( Chrysopogon nemoralis zizanioides ). We applied (i.e., propanil)...

The application of biochar as an environmentally friendly additive for agricultural soils has recently gained significant attention. However, the influence addition on unsaturated hydraulic behavior at high suction ranges (i.e., exceeding 100 kPa) remains largely understudied. This study investigates impact properties amended soil (BAS). effects content, particle size, and compaction BAS were also considered. Peanut shell was utilized in this investigation into a compacted silty sand with...

Purpose This paper aims to clarify the efficient process of machine learning algorithms implemented in ready-mix concrete (RMC) onsite. It proposes innovative terms preciseness and computation time for RMC strength prediction. Design/methodology/approach presents an investigation five different algorithms, namely, multilinear regression, support vector k-nearest neighbors, extreme gradient boosting (XGBOOST) deep neural network (DNN), that can be used predict 28- 56-day compressive strengths...

An accurate estimation of a soil wetting front is important for improving water-use efficiency under drip irrigation. This study aimed at determining the sandy irrigation using existing and modified empirical equations optimizing input parameters response surface methodology (RSM). was conducted during dry season in containing hard pan depth about 30 cm. The measured measuring tape two emitter discharges point-source system type. evaluation models fronts calibration validation showed that...

Recent sustainable engineering trends show the re-use of wastes in production concrete materials. This was important two ways. First, there is a great environmental necessity to eliminate these industrial and their usage solid waste upcycling system ensure structural sustainability creates an avenue for this process. Second, it has become reduce laboratory equipment costs by establishing intelligent models through application supplementary cements optimized optimal performance For reasons,...

The optimization of metakaolin (MK) in pre-cured geopolymer concrete involves developing predictive models to capture the interplay various influencing factors and guide mix design for improved compressive strength sustainability. Ensemble methods symbolic regression are promising approaches this task due their complementary strengths solving challenges associated with repeated experiments laboratory. Choosing machine learning predictions over repeated, expensive, time-consuming research...