A5038231748- Plant and fungal interactions
- Botanical Research and Chemistry
- Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- Biological Control of Invasive Species
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Chemical synthesis and alkaloids
- Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions
- Plant and animal studies
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
- Insect behavior and control techniques
- Pasture and Agricultural Systems
- Fungal Biology and Applications
- Mollusks and Parasites Studies
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
AgResearch
2015-2025
Charles Sturt University
2012
Environment Canterbury
1999
Summary While much is known about the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi their biological role often less clear. The assumption these pathways have adaptive value to organism but evidence support this lacking. We provide first genetic that fungal produced metabolite, peramine, protects a host plant from insect herbivory. Peramine potent feeding deterrent synthesized Epichloë/Neotyphodium mutualistic endophytes in association with grass hosts. structure...
New Zealand is under increasing pressure from terrestrial and aquatic pests, weeds diseases that threaten the country's ecosystems economy. Ongoing improvement in existing pest management methodologies novel approaches are required response to public concerns about animal welfare, increasingly stringent trade requirements, abolition of groups pesticides resistance as well as, possibly, biological control agents. Surveillance monitoring needed increase chances early interception invasive...
The invertebrate pests most commonly affecting New Zealand's pastoral-based production in 'average' years cause losses of between $1.7B and $2.3B p.a. which up to $0.9B occur on sheep beef farms $1.4B dairy farms. native scarab grass grub is the costly pest causing $140–380 M $75–205 annually. exotic scarab, black beetle, although only approximately 1 ha, costs farmers $223 $19 Porina $84 $88 respectively. Pasture nematodes are estimated cost $274 for $326 farmers. Two pests, Argentine stem...
Fungal endophytes reduce populations and damage by several different insect pests which alone or in combination with each other can ryegrass persistence. AR1, AR37, the Standard two tetraploid ryegrasses, NEA2 cv. Bealey Endo5 cvs. Quartet II Banquet II, are available to New Zealand farmer. Their effects on insects depend spectrum concentration of alkaloids they produce. Argentine stem weevil is controlled all except perhaps NEA2; black beetle AR1; pasture mealybug AR37 likely also be porina...
Abstract Perennial ryegrass ( L olium perenne L.) infected with a novel endophyte AR 37 or 1), Wild‐type no (Nil) was sown white clover T rifolium repens in autumn 2005. The pastures were rotationally grazed by dairy cows from 2005–2009. Annual dry matter DM ) yield did not differ but had higher tiller density, especially after the 2008 summer drought (+130%), and less than 1 pastures. Concentrations of alkaloids produced association (lolitrem B, ergovaline) followed same seasonal trends as...
Asexual Epichloё endophytes colonise agricultural forage grasses in a relationship which is mutually beneficial and provides the host plant with protection against herbivorous insects. The endophyte strain AR37 (Epichloё festucae var. lolii) produces epoxy-janthitrem alkaloids only known to provide ryegrass resistance porina larvae (Wiseana cervinata (Walker)), major pasture pest cooler areas of New Zealand. This study examined effect temperature on concentrations epoxy-janthitrems...
The increasing expenses and environmental repercussions associated with phosphorus (P) fertiliser underscore the necessity for precision-managed application methods. These changes affect pastoral systems, where cool-season grasses like perennial ryegrass meadow fescue form beneficial relationships Epichloë endophytes. Understanding how fertilisers influence these endophytes, host grasses, insect pests is crucial, as endophytes enhance resistance to some herbivorous insects. This study...
A paddock-scale field trial comparing pastures of perennial ryegrass without endophyte (Nil) or infected with the selected endophytes AR1, AR37 standard (SE) sown clover was monitored for insect pests over 3 years (2006-2008). Argentine stem weevil larval damage reduced by all in each year.
In identifying endophytes for use in pastures New Zealand there have been two strategies used, either exclusion of ergopeptine and lolitrem alkaloids or, retaining some expression to enhance the stability natural defences against invertebrate pests. Both their strengths weaknesses. It is a matter balancing these ensure end-user has access product that satisfies needs – persistent pasture with low nil animal toxicity terms production welfare. The range intensity ergot grazed on both ruminants...
Abstract Pasture mealybug (Balanococcuspoae) was found infesting two field trials evaluating the performance of selected strains endophyte Neotyphodium lolii in ryegrass (Lolium spp.) Canterbury, New Zealand. Deterioration endo‐phyte‐free plots relative to endophyte‐infected had been observed. In Trial A, pasture were sampled perennial cultivar 'Grasslands Nui', without (nil), or infected with wild‐type endophyte, strains, AR1 and AR37. B, numbers on six cultivars compared those same...
The agronomic merits of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivar infected with new endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii), AR37, were compared the same currently available endophytes (AR1, Standard) at two sites in northern New Zealand for least 3 years. AR37-infected was highest yielding treatment both (11 080 kg DM/ ha/yr) producing more dry matter than either AR1 or Standard-infected which yielded similar amounts (8870 DM/ha/yr). Yield advantages greater Kerikeri (36%) Hamilton (17%),...
In a meadow fescue plant assay lower percentage of tillers on endophyteinfected (E) than endophytefree plants which eggs had been laid were damaged by Argentine stem weevil (ASW) larvae There indications endophytemediated toxicity to young The E and without ASW was similar when they planted alongside with but severity damage less an artificial diet experiment took 23 days longer hatch alkaloidfree diets containing either two loline alkaloids produced Growth development reduced up 36 at...
Responses of adult Argentine stem weevil (ASW) to meadow fescue infected with the endophyte Neotyphodium uncinatum and two loline alkaloids produced by fungus were investigated Endophyte in different seedlines did not affect ASW feeding scores but reduced oviposition compared endophytefree controls In a nochoice experiment given artificial diets containing Nformyl (NFL) or Nacetyl norloline (NANL) at three concentrations control diet no lolines Mortality was significantly higher highest rate...
A 3-year experiment compared the effects of wild-type ryegrass endophyte and two novel endophytes on milk production in dairy cattle. On three 9.9-ha farmlets West Gippsland, Victoria, pasture swards were established that dominant perennial (Lolium perenne) infected with either wild-type, AR1 or AR37 endophytes. Each farmlet was stocked 25 spring-calving Holstein–Friesian cows, which rotationally grazed nine paddocks within their during lactations over 3 years. The are known to produce...
White clover (Trifolium repens) is the key legume component of New Zealand pastoral agriculture due to high quality feed and nitrogen inputs it provides. Invertebrate pests constrain white growth this study investigated rhizosphere-associated fungal controls for two these attempts disentangle underpinning mechanisms. The degree suppressiveness 10 soils, in a latitudinal gradient down Zealand, added Meloidogyne hapla Costelytra zealandica scarab larvae was measured untreated soil. Most soils...
An outbreak of the pasture insect pest black beetle began in Waikato and Bay Plenty 2007/8 has persisted. The extent severity damage caused by during current focused farmer researcher attention on methods to maintain persistent now future outbreaks. This paper reviews previous research combination with data from relates these management practice. possibility being able predict distribution, occurrence duration outbreaks is explored while actual potential means controlling are outlined. We...
Growth responses of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) diploid cv. Alto and a tetraploid breeding line infected with wild-type fungal endophyte to three types stress were studied in semi-controlled environment. The stresses imposed were: soil-moisture deficit (wilting point vs field capacity), severe defoliation (2.5 6 cm cutting height), root-feeding invertebrate infestation (nil 600 grass grubs (Costelytra zealandica) m–2). Stress treatments applied simultaneously fully factorial...