A5042351981- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Plant and animal studies
- Bird parasitology and diseases
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Study of Mite Species
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
- Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Climate variability and models
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Marine animal studies overview
University of Rochester
2023-2025
Eastman Chemical Company (United States)
2023-2025
Towson University
2011-2022
University of Kansas
2022
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
2020
Manchester Metropolitan University
2016
University of Virginia
2014
DuPont (United States)
2010
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
2008
Newmarket Equine Hospital
2004
We experimentally investigated the effects of two haematophagous ectoparasites, larvae blow fly Protocalliphora parorum (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and mite Dermanyssus hirundinis (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae), on survival, health growth nestling house wrens Troglodytes aedon. Nestlings in broods with relatively heavy infestations (> 10 larvae, hundreds to thousands mites, per nestling) did not have higher mortality, reduced tarsi primary feathers, or lower pre-fledging hematocrits than...
Measures of body condition, immune function, and hematological health are widely used in ecological studies vertebrate populations, predicated on the assumption that these traits linked to fitness. However, compelling evidence actually predict long-term survival reproductive success among individuals wild is lacking. Here, we show condition (i.e., size-adjusted mass) cutaneous responsiveness phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) injection neonates positively recruitment subsequent longevity a wild,...
We compared haematocrits and blood haemoglobin concentrations of nestling House Wrens Troglodytes aedon in nests with relatively large numbers haematophagous larvae the blow fly Protocalliphora parorum (>6.4 larvae/nestling) which exposure to was severely reduced or eliminated (0–2.0 larvae/nestling). Heavily parasitized nestlings showed no reduction haematocrit levels but a significant 28% levels. Previous research on avian response chronic loss suggests that may show normal volumes red...
Abstract To assess the functions of song in male house wrens (Troglodytes aedon), we examined pattern output during different stages breeding cycle and behaviour patterns focal males conspecifics that were associated with song. We recorded 2093.5 bouts from 11 12 cycles 3 years. Most sung prior to pairing is at a high volume given spontaneously (i.e. apparently not produced response any conspecific). Production spontaneous ceased immediately for least 7 days when paired, but resumed upon...
In a study of almost 16 000 nest records from seven swallow species across the entire Western Hemisphere, clutch sizes decline with relative laying date in each population, but slope this grows steeper increasing distance equator. Late‐laying birds at all latitudes lay clutches similar sizes, suggesting that latitudinal differences may be driven primarily by earlier‐laying birds. Focused comparisons site‐years North America qualitatively different food availability indicate supply...
Abstract The ability to respond appropriately challenges is an important contributor fitness. Variation in the regulation of glucocorticoid hormones, which mediate phenotypic response challenges, can therefore influence persist a given environment. We compared stress responsiveness four populations tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor ) breeding under different environmental conditions evaluate support for selective pressures driving evolution regulation. In accordance with unpredictability...
Animals respond to sudden challenges with a coordinated set of physiological and behavioral responses that enhance the ability cope stressors. While general characteristics vertebrate stress response are well described, it is not as clear how individual components covary between or within individuals. A rapid increase in glucocorticoids coordinates one primary downstream results an glucose availability via reduced utilization. Here, we asked whether between- within-individual variation...
Abstract Background Gingival recession defects (GRDs) pose functional and esthetic concerns may be associated with unfavorable tooth positions. Surgically facilitated orthodontic treatment (SFOT) clear aligners can a valuable option for adults severe malocclusion GRDs. Methods A 28‐year‐old male presented dental crowding, Class III malocclusion, localized crossbites, tapered maxillary arch. He exhibited multiple gingival recessions type I up to 6 mm in depth, at least 2 of keratinized tissue...
Our objective was to determine why territorial polygyny occurs in the house wren Troglodytes aedon, a small, insectivorous, cavity-nesting songbird. In this paper, we present evidence that choosing mated male our Wyoming (USA) study population is inherently costly female fitness. each of three breeding seasons, females who chose males (i.e. «secondary» = 2° females) produced significantly fewer fledglings per attempt than unmated (monogamous (M°) and primary (1°) females). Secondary were...
Females in many bird species reportedly begin incubation prior to clutch completion, but the nature of such and degree which it varies among females remains undescribed for almost all species. We used continuous recording nest-cup temperatures document effort during egg laying at 57 Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides) nests a high-elevation Wyoming population. then asked whether predicted eggs hatch asynchronously. Although substantial heating could abruptly late (previously reported as...
Females in socially monogamous species may select extra–pair (EP) mates to increase the heterozygosity, and hence fitness, of their offspring. We tested this hypothesis house wren (Troglodytes aedon), a largely songbird which EP young are common. typed paired males females, nestlings, on neighbouring territories, at five seven microsatellite loci over 2 years Wyoming, USA, population. identified sires 20 nests with young. In pairwise comparisons, we found no significant differences between...
Sex-allocation theory predicts that females should preferentially produce offspring of the sex with greater fitness potential. In socially monogamous animal species, extra-pair mating often increases variance in sons relative to daughters. Thus, situations where sired by a female's mate(s) will typically have potential than within-pair mate, sex-allocation bias mates towards male. We examined relationship between and paternity over six breeding seasons an Illinois population house wren (...
Abstract Little is known about the process or causes of fledging nest‐leaving in passerine birds because researchers can rarely predict when will occur a given nest. We used continuous videotaping nests to both document house wren, Troglodytes aedon , small, cavity‐nesting songbird, and test hypotheses as what might cause begin. Fledging began any time from 14 19 d after hatching commenced. Slower‐developing broods fledged later than faster‐developing broods. typically within 5 h sunrise...
We investigated the impacts of urbanization on reproductive success House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon). compared effort and for 33 nesting attempts in suburban sites (2.5–10 buildings/ha) 43 rural (<2.5 around Washington, D.C.– Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area. There were no differences clutch initiation dates or sizes between nests. However, nestlings at nests weighed less had smaller body size prior to fledging Parental feeding rates differed during "early nestling stage" (day 3 day 6),...
Sexual selection theory posits that ornamental traits can evolve if they provide individuals with an advantage in securing multiple mates. That male ornamentation occurs many bird species which males pair a single female is therefore puzzling. It has been proposed extra‐pair mating substantially increase the variance reproductive success among monogamous species, thus increasing potential for sexual selection. We documented frequency of paternity and examined its effect on variation mountain...
Estimating abundance is one of the most fundamental and important aspects population biology, with major implications on how status a perceived thus conservation management efforts. Although typically based two methods (distance sampling or mark-recapture), there are many individual identification that can be used for mark-recapture purposes. In recent years, use genetic data estimation through analyses have increased, in some situations such identifications more efficient than their...
Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that song of male birds can function to attract mates. At 11 different locations on our Wyoming area, we broadcast house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) from a loudspeaker mounted next an empty nest box in unoccupied wren territory. The number female attracted 'speaker box' was compared visiting silent, control another, territory nearby. Females visited speaker boxes at significantly higher rate than they boxes. Ten females six trials during periods when...
The normal food of most small birds (insects, seeds, and fruit) contains relatively little calcium. Birds must therefore supplement their diets, those dependent young, with bits calcium-rich material such as bone, limestone, eggshells, mollusk shells. In this study, the question whether availability calcium constrains reproductive output in a Wyoming population House Wren (Troglodytes aedon), insectivorous passerine, was asked. A randomly selected group breeding pairs provided mix crushed...
One factor hypothesized to influence the reproductive behavior of individuals is degree which efforts are synchronized with others in population. We asked whether timing a pair's breeding cycle, relative cycles pairs on neighboring territories, affected rates extrapair mating over 2 years Wyoming population house wrens (Troglodytes aedon). Extrapair young (identified using 5 microsatellite loci) occurred 74% nests 19 whose began later than one or more neighbors compared only 26% 27 earlier...