A5021060999- Avian ecology and behavior
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Marine animal studies overview
- Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Bird parasitology and diseases
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Climate variability and models
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Malaria Research and Control
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
Georgetown University
2019-2025
Creative Commons
2023-2024
Wayne State University
2020-2024
Cornell University
2023
Cornell Lab of Ornithology
2023
University of Vienna
2023
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
2013-2022
National Zoological Park
2013-2022
Conservation Biology Institute
2022
Smithsonian Institution
2004-2021
Species extinctions have defined the global biodiversity crisis, but extinction begins with loss in abundance of individuals that can result compositional and functional changes ecosystems. Using multiple independent monitoring networks, we report population losses across much North American avifauna over 48 years, including once-common species from most biomes. Integration range-wide trajectories size estimates indicates a net approaching 3 billion birds, or 29% 1970 abundance. A...
For migratory birds, early arrival and physical condition on the breeding grounds are important determinants of reproductive success fitness. Differences in times often exceed a month, later arriving individuals poorer condition. Habitat-specific isotopic signatures indicate that quality winter habitats occupied by American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) determines their spring departure dates, which turn result variable schedules temperate grounds. These findings link events tropical with...
Identifying the factors that control population dynamics in migratory animals has been constrained by our inability to track individuals throughout annual cycle. Using stable carbon isotopes, we show reproductive success of a long‐distance bird is influenced quality habitat located thousands kilometres away on tropical wintering grounds. For male American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla), winter arrival date breeding grounds, which turn affected key variables associated with reproduction,...
West Nile virus (WNV) has caused repeated large-scale human epidemics in North America since it was first detected 1999 and is now the dominant vector-borne disease this continent. Understanding factors that determine intensity of spillover zoonotic pathogen from birds to humans (via mosquitoes) a prerequisite for predicting preventing epidemics. We integrated mosquito feeding behavior with data on population dynamics WNV epidemiology mosquitoes, birds, humans. show Culex pipiens, enzootic...
The spread of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza into Asia, Europe, and Africa has resulted in enormous impacts on the poultry industry presents an important threat to human health. pathways by which virus will between countries have been debated extensively, but yet be analyzed comprehensively quantitatively. We integrated data phylogenetic relationships isolates, migratory bird movements, trade wild birds determine pathway for 52 individual introduction events predict future spread....
Heterogeneity in host populations and communities can have large effects on the transmission control of a pathogen. In extreme cases, few individuals give rise to majority secondary infections, which been termed super spreading events. Here, we show that West Nile virus (WNV) is dominated by heterogeneity community, resulting highly inflated reproductive ratios. A single relatively uncommon avian species, American robin ( Turdus migratorius ), appeared be responsible for WNV-infectious...
For vertebrates, annual cycles are organized into a series of breeding and non-breeding periods that vary in duration location but inextricably linked biologically. Here, we show our understanding the fundamental ecology four vertebrate classes has been limited by severe season research bias studies individual population-level responses to natural anthropogenic change would benefit from full cycle perspective. Recent emergence new analytical technological tools for studying animal movement...
Recent shifts in phenology response to climate change are well established but often poorly understood. Many animals integrate across a spatially and temporally dispersed annual life cycle, effects modulated by ecological interactions, evolutionary endogenous control mechanisms. Here we assess discuss key statements emerging from the rapidly developing study of changing spring migratory birds. These well-studied organisms have been instrumental for understanding climate-change effects,...
Background Migratory animals comprise a significant portion of biodiversity worldwide with annual investment for their conservation exceeding several billion dollars. Designing effective plans presents enormous challenges. species are influenced by multiple events across land and sea–regions that often separated thousands kilometres span international borders. To date, strategies migratory fail to take into account how spatially connected between different periods the cycle (i.e....
Migratory bird needs must be met during four phases of the year: breeding season, fall migration, wintering, and spring migration; thus, management may needed all phases. The bulk research has focused on although several issues remain unsettled, including spatial extent habitat influences fitness importance grounds used after breeding. Although detailed investigations have shed light ecology population dynamics a few avian species, knowledge is sketchy for most species. Replication...
Understanding and reversing the widespread population declines of birds require estimating magnitude all mortality sources. Numerous anthropogenic sources directly kill birds. Cause-specific annual in United States varies from billions (cat predation) to hundreds millions (building automobile collisions), tens (power line electrocutions, communication tower thousands (wind turbine collisions). However, great uncertainty exists about independent cumulative impacts this on avian populations....
Abstract Building collisions, and particularly collisions with windows, are a major anthropogenic threat to birds, rough estimates of between 100 million 1 billion birds killed annually in the United States. However, no current U.S. based on systematic analysis multiple data sources. We reviewed published literature acquired unpublished datasets systematically quantify bird–building collision mortality species-specific vulnerability. Based 23 studies, we estimate that 365 988 (median = 599...
Our understanding of migratory birds' year‐round ecology and evolution remains patchy despite recent fundamental advances. Periodic reviews focus future research inform conservation management; here, we take advantage our combined experiences working on Western Hemisphere avian migration systems to highlight lessons critical gaps in knowledge. Among topics discussed are: (1) The pipeline from pure applied researchers leaves room for improvement. (2) Population limitation regulation includes...
Climatic warming has intensified selection for earlier reproduction in many organisms, but potential constraints imposed by climate change outside the breeding period have received little attention. Migratory birds provide an ideal model exploring such because they face temperatures on temperate grounds and declining rainfall tropical non-breeding areas. Here, we use longitudinal data spring departure dates of American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) to show that annual variation food...
Full-annual-cycle (FAC) models integrate seasonal demographic and environmental processes to elucidate the factors that limit regulate animal populations. Unlike traditional, breeding-season-focused of migratory populations, FAC population include effects on dynamics events in both breeding nonbreeding season (i.e. winter migration). Given birds can spend most year away from grounds face seasonally specific threats limitation, provide critical unique insights about their dynamics. We review...
The distribution of individuals among habitats and their relative success in those can have important consequences for population dynamics. To examine these processes a long-distance migratory bird species, we studied the structure, age-specific reproductive output, local survival black-throated blue warblers (Dendroica caerulescens, Gmelin) two breeding differing shrub density within northern hardwoods forests New Hampshire, USA. On forest plots with dense shrubs, occurred at higher...
Several species of territorial migratory birds exhibit sexual habitat segregation on their wintering grounds, with some habitats containing mostly males and others females. The objective this study was to determine if in the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) Jamaica is due social mechanisms or sex-specific specialization. I used habitat-specific patterns arrival by young females, observations displacements, removal experiments, simulations intrusions differentiate between these two...
Evidence is accumulating that winter habitats occupied by migratory birds produce differences in individual condition can carry over into subsequent stages of the annual cycle. Despite strong observational evidence, experimental work needed to strengthen support for this hypothesis. We experimentally upgraded American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) from low-quality second-growth scrub habitat high-quality mangrove forest permanently removing behaviorally dominant, primarily adult males...