Hispanics are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to their high prevalence diabetes poor glycemic control.Strength training is the most effective lifestyle intervention increase muscle mass but limited data available in older adults with diabetes.We determined influence strength on quality (strength per unit mass), skeletal fiber hypertrophy, metabolic control including insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment -HOMA-IR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), adiponectin Free Fatty...

The Daily Mile is a physical activity programme made popular by school in Stirling, Scotland. It promoted the Scottish Government and growing popularity nationally internationally. aim that each day, during class time, pupils run or walk outside for 15 min (~1 mile) at self-selected pace. anecdotally reported to have number of physiological benefits including increased activity, reduced sedentary behaviour, fitness improved body composition. This study aimed investigate these reports.

Spaceflight and bed rest (BR) result in losses of muscle mass strength. Resistance training (RT) amino acid (AA) supplementation are potential countermeasures to minimize these losses. However, it is unknown if timing with exercise can optimize benefits, particularly energy deficit. We examined the effect on body composition, strength, insulin levels 31 men (ages 31–55 yr) during BR (28 days) followed by active recovery (14 days). Subjects were randomly assigned essential AA (AA group, n =...

Abstract Background School-based physical activity and running programmes, such as The Daily Mile™, are increasing in popularity globally. aim of this research was to examine the acute impact classroom breaks on cognition affective wellbeing. Methods A total 5463 school pupils from 332 schools took part a citizen science project with repeated measures design. They completed tasks (inhibition, verbal, visuo-spatial working memory) Children’s Feeling Scale Felt Arousal before after three...

Despite the known benefits of a physically active lifestyle, there are few examples interventions that have been successfully implemented at population level over long period time. One such example is The Daily Mile, school based physical activity initiative, where teacher takes their class out daily during time for short bout ambulatory activity. At one school, this appears has sustained (6 years), whole participating and now incorporated into its routine. aim paper was to understand how...

Iontophoretic assessment of skin microvascular function is complicated by the occurrence electrically induced hyperaemia, especially at cathode. Studies were performed to identify means reducing such effects. Skin vasodilator responses measured using a laser Doppler imager that controlled iontophoretic current delivery. A novel feature involved monitoring voltage across iontophoresis chambers. Comparison between vehicle (distilled H<sub>2</sub>O), acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium...

Abstract Spaceflight and bed rest (BR) lead to muscle atrophy. This study assessed the effect of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation resistance training with decreased energy intake on molecular changes in skeletal after 28‐day BR 14‐day recovery. Thirty‐one men (31–55 years) subjected an 8 ± 6% deficit were randomized receive EAA without (AA, n = 7), or 3 h (RT, 12) 5 min before (AART, training. During BR, myostatin transcript levels increased twofold AA group. recovery, insulin‐like...

Myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle mass, is elevated during disuse and starvation. Mammalian hibernation presents unique scenario, where animals are hypocaloric in torpor, but the extent protein loss minimized. We hypothesized that myostatin expression, which usually increased early under conditions, could be suppressed this model. Skeletal was collected from thirteen-lined ground squirrels, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, at six time points hibernation: control euthermic (CON);...

We examined the effect of 28 days overload on mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in young adult (Y; 6-month old) aged (O; 30-month Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats subjected to bilateral synergist ablation (SA) two thirds gastrocnemius muscle or sham surgery (CON). Although plantaris (PLA) hypertrophy was attenuated by aging, mTOR phosphorylation 44% 35% greater Y SA O compared with CON (p = .038). Ribosomal protein S6 114% 24% higher...

Abstract Aim: In multinucleated skeletal muscle, a myonuclear domain is the region of cytoplasm governed by one nucleus, and myofibres are mosaics overlapping domains. Association ageing important in understanding sarcopenia with prevention or combating age‐related muscle declines. This study examined effects age, fibre type on nucleo‐cytoplasmic (N/C) relationships as reflecting size. Methods: The N/C was compared types soleus plantaris muscles from young ( n = 6) 8) male Fisher 344 rats....

Sleep restriction is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, however, the underlying mechanisms leading to this impairment are unknown. This study aimed assess whether decrease in sensitivity observed after sleep accompanied by changes skeletal muscle PKB activity. Ten healthy young males participated randomized crossover which included two conditions separated a 3-week washout period. Participants underwent nights of habitual (CON) was restricted 50% duration...

Abstract Background High rates of food insecurity, obesity and obesity-related comorbidities in ageing South African (SA) women may amplify the risk developing sarcopenic obesity. This study aimed to investigate prevalence correlates its diagnostic components [grip strength, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) body index (BMI)] older SA from a low-income setting. Methods cross-sectional recruited black between ages 60–85 years ( n = 122) community. Testing included fasting blood sample...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the second highest leading cause of death in South Africa. The aim this study was to instigate and complete a 12 wk exercise program an African semi‐rural township assess its impact on body composition, blood pressure (BP) lipid profile. Women (n=18) with average age 41(2) yr were recruited measurements taken before after determine: Waist:Hip ratio(W:H), systolic diastolic BP (SBP; DBP), profiles including cholesterol, high low density lipoproteins (HDL; LDL)...

Satellite cells are muscle stem capable of replenishing or increasing myonuclear number. It is postulated that a reduction in satellite may contribute to age-related sarcopenia. Studies investigating an decline have produced equivocal results. This study compared the cell content young and aging soleus rat, using four different methods: dystrophin–laminin immunohistochemistry, MyoD electron microscopy, light microscopy semi-thin sections. The absolute quantity increase with age, but...

Objective: This study investigated resting concentrations of selected androgens after 3 weeks creatine supplementation in male rugby players. It was hypothesized that the ratio dihydrotestosterone (DHT, a biologically more active androgen) to testosterone (T) would change with supplementation. Design: Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover 6-week washout period. Setting: Rugby Institute South Africa. Participants: College-aged players (n = 20) volunteered for study, which took place...

Satellite cells ( SCs ) are responsible for muscle repair following strenuous exercise or injury. SC responses to intervention have been studied, but most studies do not discuss take into account the substantial variability in number among young individuals. We hypothesized that an active lifestyle reflected higher VO 2max may be associated with greater number. As training alters basal p 38‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase MAPK activity, which is proliferation, count also correlate this...

Introduction : We investigated changes in satellite cell (SC) pool size after an acute bout of strenuous exercise and evaluated the influence baseline SC count fiber type. Methods Participants completed a downhill running (DHR) intervention (5 × 8 min, 2‐min rest; 80% V O 2max ; −10% gradient). Muscle biopsies were taken 7 days before 7–9 DHR intervention. Delayed‐onset muscle soreness (DOMS) creatine kinase activity (CK) measured on 1, 2, 7, 9 post‐DHR. SCs identified by Pax7 laminin...

Objective Muscle loss and metabolic changes occur with disuse [i.e.bed rest (BR)].We hypothesized that BR would lead to a metabolically unhealthy profile defined by: increased circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, decreased insulin-like-growth-factor (IGF)-1, HDL-cholesterol, muscle density (MD; measured by mid-thigh computerized tomography).Methods We investigated the after 28 days of 8±6% energy deficit in male individuals (30-55 years) randomized resistance exercise amino acid...

Background School based running programmes, such as The Daily Mile™, positively impact pupils’ physical health, however, there is limited evidence on psychological health. Additionally, current mostly to examining the acute impact. present study examined longer term of programmes pupil cognition, wellbeing, and fitness. Method Data from 6,908 school pupils (mean age 10.2 ± 0.7 years), who were participating in a citizen science project, was examined. Class teachers provided information about...