We show in this Letter that heating under high pressure drives ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ to new distorted crystalline phases are metastable at room temperature and pressure. report three different distortions essentially characterized by two nearest neighbor distances, ${d}_{0}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\sim}10$ ${d}_{0}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\sim}9.2$ \AA{}. The excellent accord with theoretical calculations supports the view these carbon can be understood as long range...

In this paper, an innovative control strategy for hybrid power sources dedicated to automotive applications is detailed. First, analysis of classical architectures using fuel cell (FC)/supercapacitors presented. Then, load requirements proposed. A new a single converter, based on cascaded loop with decoupling in the frequency domain, fully explained. Finally, experimental results Ballard proton exchange membrane FC are presented illustrate effectiveness proposed method.

This study provides a comprehensive review of historical morphological nomenclature used for praying mantis (Mantodea) morphology, which includes citations, original use, and assignment homology. All referenced structures across works correspond to proposed standard term use in all subsequent pertaining morphology systematics. The new standards are presented with verbal description glossary as well indicated on illustrations images. In the vast majority cases, originally terms were adopted...

Driven by a small number of niche markets and several decades application research, fuel cell systems (FCS) are gradually reaching maturity, to the point where many players questioning interest intensity its deployment in transport sector general. This article aims shed light on this debate from road perspective. It focuses description vehicle (FCV) order understand assets, limitations current paths progress. These vehicles basically hybrid combining lithium-ion battery, different...

The latest pre-production vehicles on the market show that major technical challenges posed by integrating a fuel cell system (FCS) within vehicle—compactness, safety, autonomy, reliability, cold starting—have been met. Regarding ongoing maturity of systems dedicated to road transport, present article examines advances still needed move from functional but niche product mainstream consumer product. It seeks address difficulties not covered more traditional innovation approaches. At least in...

The integration of various renewable energy sources as well the liberalization electricity markets are established facts in modern electrical power systems. increased share within systems intensifies supply variability and intermittency. Therefore, storage is deemed one solutions for stabilizing to maintain generation-demand balance guarantee uninterrupted users. In context sustainable development resources depletion, question growth production highly linked ability propose new adapted...

The revision of several taxa previously attributed to the plesion 'Protorthoptera' yielded information about venation pattern Orthoptera and sister-group relationships Orthoptera. A new wing is proposed, i.e., (1) a basal composite stem M CuA, distally separated into CuA; (2) distal free CuA fused with anterior branch CuPa (CuPa 'alpha'). We consider clade as an apomorphy-based group (sensu Brochu & Sumrall), on basis this complex structure and, also by presence two branches MA, MA1 MA2 (but...

In this paper, a new control strategy, including saturation management of hybrid fuel-cell (FC)/ultracapacitor (UC) power sources, is described. First, an analysis architectures using FC and UCs for automotive applications presented. Next, the model strategy are described energetic macroscopic representation (EMR). The main improvement over classical strategies such systems to take into account with dynamic reconfiguration energy (EMS). It includes regenerative breaking in high state charge...

This paper deals with a synthesis of space-vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) control methods applied for an H-bridge inverter feeding three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) in electric-vehicle (EV) applications. First, short survey existing architectures power converters, particularly those adapted to degraded operating modes, is presented. Standard SVPWM are compared three innovative using EV drive specifications the normal mode. Then, rigorous analysis margins left...

The transportation industry (automobile, aerospace) is undergoing a significant shift towards higher voltage supply, to increase embedded power. Increasing the can lead an in occurrence of partial discharges which have deleterious impact on insulators, and therefore system lifetime. current study investigates two electric drives architecture, namely first combination conventional motor with single inverter and, second, multi-Three-Phase machine based highly coupled windings combined...

This paper deals with the control of a hybrid source combining proton exchange membrane fuel cell and supercapacitors. To achieve this objective, an interconnection damping assignment passivity-based in sampled-data context is implemented. first details new controller shows that it ensures stabilization system at its desired equilibrium point under large range sampling periods. These considerations are followed by detailed discussion on experimental results achieved 1.2-kW test bench.

Synopsis The insect orders Caloneurodea, Titanoptera and Mantophasmatodea are restored (contra Hamilton 2003). fossil order Cnemidolestodea Handlirsch, 1937 is redefined. Its definition, diagnosis relationships reformulated. It includes the following genera: Cnemidolestes 1906; Protodiamphipnoa Lameere, 1917; Bouleites Ischnoneura Brongniart, 1893; Narkemina Martynov, 1930; Narkeminospis Whalley, 1979; Aetophlebia Scudder, 1885; Amphiboliacridites Langiaux & Parriat, 1974; Paranarkemina...

This paper aims to optimize real-time control for the degraded mode of a fault-tolerant power architecture but not fault detection and isolation procedure itself. Such is dedicated electric vehicles in which it performs three following essential functions: traction, battery charging, electric-grid assistance. For safety reasons, mode, limited traction mode. Thus, given torque, proposed innovative strategy uses novel current/voltage transform that leads efficient torque. The key idea drive...

The authors report and discuss measurements of low-temperature specific heat thermal conductivity, upper critical field near Tc, electrical resistivity, mass density X-ray diffraction, performed on an amorphous superconducting Zr76Cu24 alloy obtained by high-rate sputtering deposition at 77K. A annealing the samples in state before crystallisation induces a large decrease very related to two-level system excitations, whereas conductivity increases correlative way. Both electron phonon...

In this paper, two control strategies for parallel hybrid fuel cell/supercapacitors power source are described. First, different architectures using cells automotive applications analyzed. Two configurations more precisely detailed and their explained. Then, experimental validations a Nexa Ballard PEM-FC as main BOOSTCAP Maxwell supercapacitors auxiliary presented to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed strategies.

Topographic homology conjectures (= THCs) in fore- and hind wing venation of extant king crickets, raspy crickets weta are re-evaluated. Based on the premises that topological is established so amount transformation has to be assumed explain differences between patterns minimized, a new set THCs STHC), based morphological data species cf. mexicanus de Saussure, 1859: 209, laudatum Johns, 1997, ornata Willemse, 1963, bicornis Karny, 1929a, pinguipes? Rentz Morton & Rentz, 1983, pinguipes an...

This paper presents the development of a global and integrated sizing approach under different performance indexes applied to fuel cell/battery hybrid power systems. The strong coupling between hardware process system supervision (energy management strategy EMS) makes it hard for design consider all possibilities, today’s methodologies are mostly experience-based approaches that impervious technological disruption. With smart approach, new technologies easier consider, this facilitates use...

This paper presents three current control strategies for a switched reluctance machine (SRM). Two classical controllers are recall : the hysteresis and proportional - integral controller. Dynamic ripples with both compared discussed. Then, new controller qualified as “hybrid controller” is proposed. It combination of two previous structures. The principle this detailed its influence on performance described. first tested by simulation, then an experimental test bench.

PEM fuel cell performance and lifetime strongly depend on the polymer membrane MEA hydration. As internal moisture is very sensitive to operating conditions (temperature, stoichiometry, load current, water management…), keeping optimal working point complex requires real-time monitoring. This article focuses stack health diagnosis more precisely fault detection paper intends define new, simple effective methods get relevant information usual faults or malfunctions occurring in stack. For...