The emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence hydrophilic poly(methacrylic acid-co-poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate), P(MAA-co-PEOMA), macromolecular RAFT (reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer) agents possessing a trithiocarbonate reactive group and 19 ethylene oxide subunits grafts was performed to create situ P(MAA-co-PEOMA)-b-polystyrene amphiphilic block copolymer self-assemblies. system studied using following conditions: pH 5, two different...

The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) in water was studied detail at different pHs using 4-cyano-4-thiothiopropylsulfanyl pentanoic (CTPPA) as a control agent and 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA) an initiator. Well-defined hydrophilic macromolecular RAFT agents (PAA-CTPPA) were obtained further used directly for the styrene. corresponding polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) process evaluated it shown that working...

The RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization of styrene was carried out in a one-pot, two-step procedure using two poly(methacrylic acid-co-poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) macroRAFT agents different compositions carrying reactive trithiocarbonate end-group. latter were prepared situ, directly aqueous solution at acid pH. In all cases, the synthesis fast and efficient, leading to very high conversions good control over polymer features. It moreover particularly reproducible,...

Mechanical rubbing of polymer films has been widely used in the liquid crystal display industry to prepare oriented alignment layers polyimides. We show that this fast orientation method can be successfully applied a large palette different π-conjugated systems, i.e., p- and n-type semiconducting homopolymers alternating copolymers. Transmission electron microscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction UV–vis absorption spectroscopy reveal both, temperature during molecular weight strongly...

Doping of polymer semiconductors such as poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT) with acceptor molecules 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) is widely used to tune the charge transport and thermoelectric (TE) properties in thin films. However, mechanism dopant insertion matrix, kinetics, ultimate doping levels reached have been investigated only marginally. This contribution addresses effect alkyl side chain length on a series PBTTTs linear...

The aim of this study was to optimize the formulation parameters for spray-dried insulin-loaded alginate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) intended oral insulin delivery, utilizing response surface methodology. A 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken experimental design used assess effects three independent factors: alginate concentration, liquid feed rate, and inlet temperature, on dependent responses: particle size, production yield, entrapment efficiency. structural properties cytotoxic...

A means to an end: Polyethylene chains obtained by catalyzed chain growth on magnesium and exhibiting molar masses up 5000 g mol−1 have been end-functionalized in high yield with iodide, azide, amine reactive end groups (see scheme). The functionalized polyethylenes can be used generate a range of polyolefins; for example, the azide-functionalized undergo "click" reactions afford macromonomers. Detailed facts importance specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such...

Plastic pollution has become a worldwide concern. It was demonstrated that plastic breaks down to nanoscale particles in the environment, forming so-called nanoplastics. is important understand their ecological impact, but structure not elucidated. In this original work, we characterize microstructure of oceanic polyethylene debris and compare it nonweathered objects. Cross sections are analyzed by several emergent mapping techniques. We highlight deep modifications within layer few hundred...

The fate of plastic waste is a pressing issue since it forms visible and long-lived reminder the environmental impact consumer habits. In this study, we examine structural changes in lamellar arrangements semicrystalline polyethylene (PE) packaging with aim understanding physical mechanisms embrittlement PE exposed to marine environment. microplastics macroplastics from identifiable were collected Atlantic Ocean compared new boxes. Several experimental techniques interrogate effects exposure...

Abstract Herein reported is the impact of functionalization four different semiconducting polymer structures by a linear siloxane‐terminated side‐chains. The latter tetrasiloxane (Si 4 ) or trisiloxane 3 chains, substituted at their extremity to pentylene linker. structure based on 5,6‐difluorobenzothiadiazole comonomer (PF2), diketopyrrolopyrrole unit (PDPP‐TT), naphtalediimide (PNDI‐T 2 ), and poly[bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2,b]thiophene (PBTTT). properties these siloxane‐functionalized...

Abstract n‐Type‐doped polymers are key elements to fabricate all‐polymer thermoelectric generators but they challenging produce. Herein, a new strategy is proposed, which based on polarity switching upon doping of donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymer diketopyrrolopyrrol (DPP) and quintethiophene (5T) with FeCl 3 . Polarity from p‐type n‐type observed increasing the concentration An analysis nonmonotonic density states accounts for main experimental trends demonstrates that switch governed by...

Within the context of polypropylene recycling by dissolution, potential degradation in solution has been investigated using situ NIR and Raman spectroscopy. Pure polypropylene, completely free additives, commercial low are degraded on purpose under different conditions. Genetic algorithm combined with partial least squares (GA-PLS) models have built based near-infrared (NIR) spectra, (PLS) to predict mass average molar chain-scission rate, respectively, during process. The variables used...

The chemical upcycling of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) was carried out through organocatalysis using α-hydroxyketones as nucleophiles, leading to valuable vinylene carbonates.

Surface details: Aluminum hydrides supported on partially dehydroxylated alumina have been synthesized through the hydrogenolysis of grafted alkyl precursors. The key feature in multinuclear NMR studies with these species is strong dipolar coupling between 1H and 27Al nuclei. In HMQC correlations, Al–H entities were identified by filtering out signal Al2O3 bulk (see picture). These main-group-metal catalyze both ethylene polymerization hydrogenation. Detailed facts importance to specialist...

Abstract It has been shown recently, that the presence of alkyl side chains at 3‐positions on thiophene rings placed next to 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole core in backbone several conjugated polymers results severe steric hindrance and prevents efficient planarity thiophene‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐thiophene (TBzT) segment. Both properties have a strong influence optoelectronic polymer need be considered when is used for organic electronics applications. In this work, we modified previously...

F substituents & bulky alkyl side-chains for polymer:fullerene face-on orientation and high PV performances.

The rise of halogenated organic semiconducting materials has led to a significant increase photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies in recent years. However, the impact halogen atoms on optoelectronic, structural, and properties is not yet fully understood. In particular, because different physicochemical properties, design polymers using chlorine instead fluorine still needs be rationalized. this paper, we investigate series 4 D–A electron donor copolymers, by varying only number atoms,...

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with dithiocarbamate chain ends (PEO-SC(=S)-N(CH3 )Ph and PEO-SC(=S)-NPh2 , named PEO-1 PEO-2, respectively) were used as macromolecular chain-transfer agents (macro-CTAs) to mediate the reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization of ethylene in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) under relatively mild conditions (80 °C, 80 bar). While only a slow consumption was observed, rapid PEO-2 led clean extension formation polyethylene (PE) segment. Upon...

Within the context of solvent-based plastic recycling, monitoring polypropylene dissolution is ensured by employing advanced spectroscopy and a comprehensive parametric study handled.

Single-ether side chains allow modulation of the oxygen position. The further atom is from backbone, more crystalline polymer. High doping levels and ordering lead to remarkable conductivities thermoelectric performances.

Synthesis of well-defined and highly thiol-end-functionalized polyethylene (PE-SH) was performed using olefin polymerization by coordination chemistry robust functionalization chemistries. Using a Nd-based catalyst in combination with n-butyloctylmagnesium (BOMg), dipolyethylenylmagnesium compounds (PE-Mg-PE) were first prepared catalyzed chain growth on magnesium. Taking advantage the reactivity carbon−magnesium bonds so formed, several strategies assessed main aim producing targeted PE-SH...