Landfills are the final stage in life cycle of many products containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) their presence has been reported landfill leachate. The concentrations 70 PFASs 95 samples leachate were measured a survey U.S. landfills varying climates waste ages. National release was estimated by coupling for 19 where more than 50% had quantifiable concentrations, with climate-specific estimates annual volumes. For 2013, total volume generated to be 61.1 million m3, 79%...

Commercial food waste represents a relatively available high-quality feedstock for landfill diversion to biological treatment. A life-cycle assessment was performed commercial processed through aerobic composting systems of varying complexity, anaerobic digestion, and landfills with without gas collection energy recovery, as well bioreactor landfill. The functional unit 1000 kg plus 550 branches that are used bulking agent. For each alternative, global warming potential, NOx SO2 emissions,...

Smart city programs provide a range of technologies that can be applied to solve infrastructure problems associated with ageing and increasing demands. The potential for urban improvement remains unrealized, however, due technical, financial, social constraints criticisms limit the implementation smart cities concepts management. discussion presented here provides review including sensors, crowdsourcing citizen science, actuators, data transmission, Internet Things, big analytics,...

There is increasing interest in the use of biodegradable materials because they are believed to be "greener". In a landfill, these degrade anaerobically form methane and carbon dioxide. The fraction that collected can utilized as an energy source biogenic does not decompose stored landfill. A landfill life-cycle model was developed represent behavior MSW components new disposed representative U.S. average with respect gas collection utilization over range environmental conditions (i.e.,...

The development of sustainable solid waste management (SWM) systems requires consideration both economic and environmental impacts. Societal life-cycle costing (S-LCC) provides a quantitative framework to estimate impacts, by including "budget costs" "externality costs". Budget costs include market goods services (economic impact), whereas externality effects outside the system (e.g., impact). This study demonstrates applicability S-LCC SWM optimization through case based on an average...

New regulations and targets limiting the disposal of food waste have been recently enacted in numerous jurisdictions. This analysis evaluated selected environmental implications management policies using life-cycle assessment. Scenarios were developed to evaluate alternatives applicable discarded at facilities where is a large component (e.g., restaurants, grocery stores, processors). Options considered include anaerobic digestion (AD), aerobic composting, waste-to-energy combustion (WTE),...

Solid waste management (SWM) is a key function of local government and critical to protecting human health the environment. Development effective SWM strategies should consider comprehensive process choices policy implications on system-level cost environmental performance. This analysis evaluated select policies for Wake County, North Carolina using life-cycle approach. A county-specific data set scenarios were developed evaluate alternatives residential municipal SWM, which included...

Landfills receive over half of all U.S. municipal solid waste (MSW) and are the third largest source anthropogenic methane emissions. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) landfills is complicated by long duration disposal, gas generation control, time which engineered infrastructure must perform. The objective this study to develop an LCA model for a representative MSW landfill that responsive size, regulatory thresholds (LFG) collection practices LFG management (i.e., passive venting, flare,...

Solid waste management (SWM) systems must proactively adapt to changing policy requirements, composition, and an evolving energy system sustainably manage future solid waste. This study represents the first application of optimizable dynamic life-cycle assessment framework capable considering these changes. The was used draw insights by analyzing SWM a hypothetical suburban U.S. city 100 000 people over 30 years while changes population, generation, mix costs. included 3 generation sectors,...

There is increasing interest in diverting the organic fraction of municipal solid waste from landfills to biological treatment processes that result compost. Due variations compost quality and available markets, it not always possible for be beneficially used on soil. In such cases, may as alternative daily cover (ADC) landfills. The objective this study compare environmental impacts using a soil amendment, accounting its beneficial substitutions fertilizer peat, use ADC. Monte Carlo...

Landfills are a major contributor of anthropogenic CH4 emissions. Since the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with landfilling waste can occur over decades to centuries, standard static approach estimating global warming impacts may not accurately represent landfills. The objective this study is assess implications using 100 yr and 20 dynamic potential (GWP) approaches estimate from municipal solid A life-cycle model was developed GHG for three treatment cases (passive venting,...

Waste managers struggle to comply with the European legislation that regulates handling of organic waste. A waste management system aims at recovering nutrients from municipal generated in Spanish region Cantabria was modeled by combining material flow analysis, life cycle assessment, and costing. The model optimized find configurations minimize total annual cost (TAC) global warming impacts (GW) maximize circularity indicators nitrogen phosphorus (CIN CIP). developed superstructure is...

A process model was developed using a lifecycle approach to estimate the cost and energy use associated with municipal solid waste collection, which is most fuel-intensive often costly aspect of management. The divides collection service areas into single-family residential, multi-family commercial sectors sector-specific, user-defined characteristics, including population, generation, composition. Waste collected by set processes (e.g., residual waste, recyclables collection) defined costs,...

Summary Solid waste life cycle modeling has predominantly focused on developed countries, but there are significant opportunities to assist developing and transition economies minimize the environmental impact of solid management (SWM). Serbia is representative a country most (92%) its landfilled. As Candidate European Union (EU) country, expected implement SWM strategies that meet EU directives. The Waste Life‐Cycle Optimization Framework (SWOLF) was used evaluate scenarios goals by 2030....

This paper describes a novel open-source life-cycle optimization framework for solid waste and sustainable materials management applications named in Python (SwolfPy). The current version includes models landfills, mass burn waste-to-energy, gasification, centralized composting, home anaerobic digestion, material recovery facilities, refuse-derived fuel recycling, transfer stations, single-family collection. Compared to existing frameworks, SwolfPy streamlines data input/output processes,...

Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems are time- and data-intensive. Reducing the data requirements for inventory impact will facilitate wider use LCAs during early system planning design. Therefore, objective this study is to develop a systematic framework streamlining by identifying most critical impacts, life-cycle emissions, inputs based on their contributions total impacts effect rankings 18 alternative MSWM scenarios. The scenarios composed six...

ABSTRACT Market based policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have become increasingly popular in the last decade. These provide economic incentives for reducing emissions. A life-cycle inventory model was developed evaluate three alternatives management of waste hot mix asphalt (HMA) including, (1) recycling as new aggregate, (2) HMA, and (3) disposal a landfill. Global warming potential, environmental emissions, total energy use were quantified each alternative. The used into HMA...