Anderson, Lindsay, and Bushman (1999) compared effect sizes from laboratory field studies of 38 research topics compiled in 21 meta-analyses concluded that psychological laboratories produced externally valid results. A replication extension Anderson et al. using 217 lab-field comparisons 82 found the external validity differed considerably by subfield, topic, size. Laboratory results industrial–organizational psychology most reliably predicted results, effects social frequently changed...

Political economists agree that a trade-offexists between equality and efficiency. Using hypothetical society paradigm, we manipulated the mean income (representing efficiency) variability equality) of distributions wealth correlation effort within society. Subjects made all pairwise comparisons societies differing meritocracy. A maximin principle best described trade-off resolution strategies when outcome were weakly linked: People maximized minimum standard living compromise preferences...

Greenwald, Banaji, and Nosek (2015) present a reanalysis of the meta-analysis by Oswald, Mitchell, Blanton, Jaccard, Tetlock (2013) that examined effect sizes Implicit Association Tests (IATs) designed to predict racial ethnic discrimination. We discuss points agreement disagreement with respect methods used synthesize IAT studies, we correct an error Greenwald et al. obscures key contribution our meta-analysis. In end, all meta-analyses converge on conclusion that, across diverse coding...

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 100(5) of Journal Applied Psychology (see record 2015-40760-001). there are errors some the values listed Table 6 that do not alter any conclusions or substantive statements original article. The corrected portion is correction. positive intercepts table represent estimated IAT score when criterion has a value zero (suggesting attitudinal neutrality), except equation examining voter preference Greenwald et al. (2009), where...

The emerging movement within legal scholarship known as behavioral law and economics seeks to replace the perfect rationality assumption found in with an equal incompetence assumption: drawing on empirical research psychology economics, scholars assert that all people systematically fall prey biases errors their judgment decision-making these lead predictable irrational behaviors. Adopting this equality of view, argue for changes across virtually areas offer new justifications policies would...

In two experiments, participants judged the fairness of different distributions wealth in hypothetical societies. first study, level meritocracy societies and frame reference from which alternative interacted to influence judgments. As increased, all became more tolerant economic inequality, particularly when they a redistribution that made salient transfers among socioeconomic classes. Liberal participants, however, placed greater emphasis on equality than did conservative across...

Psychological social psychologists have devoted great effort to measuring the elusive construct of unconscious prejudice. However, recent work underscores both psychometric flaws these measures and weaknesses in claims that they predict behavior realistic organizational settings. Before accepting prejudice as an inevitable source individual-level disparate treatment endorsing structural solutions such quotas, sociological need explore relative efficacy institutional norms accountability...

Fingerprint examiners use a variety of terms and phrases to describe finding match between defendant's fingerprints fingerprint impressions collected from crime scene. Despite the importance ubiquity evidence in criminal cases, no prior studies examine how jurors evaluate such evidence. We present two examining impact different phrases, method descriptions, statements about possible examiner error on weight given identification by laypersons. In both studies, particular phrase chosen...

Fingerprint examiners regularly participate in tests designed to assess their proficiency. These provide information relevant the weight of fingerprint evidence, but no prior research has directly examined how jurors react proficiency testing information. Using a nationally representative sample American adults, we impact on given opinions by mock considering hypothetical criminal case. The examiner's level performance test (high, medium, low, or very low), not type error committed (false...

Differences in employee evaluations due to gender bias may be small any given rating cycle, but they accumulate produce large disparities the number of women and men promoted top an organization. A highly cited simulation by Martell et al. (1996) demonstrates this cumulative advantage process a multilevel We replicated uncover important details about its operating assumptions, we extended examine range variables that impact effects bias. The replication revealed male requires (a) decades...

Legal scholars increasingly rely on a behavioral analysis of judgment and decision-making to explain legal phenomena argue for reforms. The main argument this new the law is twofold: (1) all human cognition beset by systematic flaws in way that judgments decisions are made, these lead predictable irrational behaviors; (2) widespread non-rational tendencies bring into serious question assumption procedural rationality underlying much doctrine and, thus, wisdom doctrine. This paper examines...