The history of an individual or group can always be characterized as a sequence events. People finish school, enter the labor force, marry, give birth, get promoted, change employers, retire, and ultimately die. Formal organizations merge, adopt innovations, go bankrupt. Nations experience wars, revolutions, peaceful changes government. It is surely business sociology to explain predict occurrence such Why it, for example, that some individuals try marijuana while others do not? people marry...

As with other statistical methods, missing data often create major problems for the estimation of structural equation models (SEMs). Conventional methods such as listwise or pairwise deletion generally do a poor job using all available information. However, modelers are fortunate that many programs estimating SEMs now have maximum likelihood handling in an optimal fashion. In addition to likelihood, this article also discusses multiple imputation. This method has properties almost good those...

Change scores have been widely criticized for their purported unreliability and sensitivity to regression toward the mean. These objections are shown be unfounded under a plausible model nonequivalent control group design. This leads inferences that intuitively correct, as judged by changes in means over time, while conventional false. Moreover, implies mean within groups between groups, an implausible result naturally occurring groups. Nevertheless, may more appropriate when there is true...

In logit and probit regression analysis, a common practice is to estimate separate models for two or more groups then compare coefficients across groups. An equivalent method test interactions between particular predictors dummy (indicator) variables representing the Both methods may lead invalid conclusions if residual variation differs New tests are proposed that adjust unequal variation.

This paper demonstrates that the conditional negative binomial model for panel data, proposed by Hausman, Hall, and Griliches (1984), is not a true fixed-effects method. method—which has been implemented in both Stata LIMDEP—does fact control all stable covariates. Three alternative methods are explored. A multinomial yields same estimator as Poisson hence does provide any additional leverage dealing with over-dispersion. On other hand, simulation study good results from applying an...

Two algorithms for producing multiple imputations missing data are evaluated with simulated data. Software using a propensity score classifier the approximate Bayesian bootstrap produces badly biased estimates of regression coefficients when on predictor variables at random or completely random. On other hand, regression-based method employing augmentation algorithm little no bias.

The highly skewed distributions of productivity among scientists can be partly explained by a process accumulative advantage. Because offeedback through recognition and resources, productive maintain or increase their productivity, while who produce very little even less later on. A major implication advantage is that the distribution becomes increasingly unequal as cohort ages. Cross-sectional survey data support this hypothesis for chemists, physicists, mathematicians, show strong linear...

Occupations with a greater share of females pay less than those lower share, controlling for education and skill. This association is explained by two dominant views: devaluation queuing. The former views the offered in an occupation to affect its female proportion, due employers' preference men—a gendered labor queue. latter argues that proportion affects pay, owing work done women. Only few past studies used longitudinal data, which needed test theories. We use fixed-effects models, thus...

The illness of a spouse can affect the health caregiving partner. We examined association between hospitalization and partner's risk death among elderly people.We studied 518,240 couples who were enrolled in Medicare 1993. used Cox regression analysis fixed-effects (case-time-control) methods to assess hospitalizations deaths during nine years follow-up.Overall, 383,480 husbands (74 percent) 347,269 wives (67 hospitalized at least once, 252,557 (49 156,004 (30 died. Mortality after varied...

Productive scientists tend to hold jobs at prestigious university departments, but it is unclear whether this because good departments hire the best or encourage and facilitate research productivity. To resolve issue, we studied antecedents consequences of 179 job changes by chemists, biologists, physicists, mathematicians. Those who were upwardly mobile showed substantial increases in their rate publication citation those publications, while downwardly decreases Earlier analyses these found...

Advancement in rank is critically important to the career of an academic scientist, and highly visible nature event makes it idealfor studying stratification science. Concern with universalistic factors promotion has prompted debates over two issues. First, why do female scientists advance more slowly than male scientists, so few reach offull professor? Second, driven by sheer volume published work as opposed its quality? Event history analyses clearly indicate that quantity publications far...

Contrary to a recent claim, the inclusion of product term in multiple regression is legitimate way test for interaction. The unstandardized coefficient and t-test are unaffected by addition arbitrary constants variables model. Certain other statistics affected this change, however, indicating that some hypotheses relating interaction not meaningfully testable unless measured on ratio scales.

Department of Human Developmentand Family Studies, Cornell UniversityRecent theoretical developments emphasize that social interactions are dynamicand reciprocal, and this has led to widespread use time-series data on behaviorin two-person systems. In principle, such allow one separate the influencesof two actors each other, Statistical methods currently being used, however,are deficient in several respects. article, we show a statistic proposedby Sackett later proved by Gottman is...

The hypothesis of cumulative advantage is widely accepted in the sociology science, but empirical tests have been few and equivocal. One approach, originated by Allison Stewart (1974), to see whether inequality productivity recognition increases as a cohort scientists ages. This paper extends their work examining true cohorts biochemists chemists rather than synthetic cohorts. Increasing observed for counts publications not citations all previous publications. It also shown that mathematical...