Occupations with a greater share of females pay less than those lower share, controlling for education and skill. This association is explained by two dominant views: devaluation queuing. The former views the offered in an occupation to affect its female proportion, due employers' preference men—a gendered labor queue. latter argues that proportion affects pay, owing work done women. Only few past studies used longitudinal data, which needed test theories. We use fixed-effects models, thus...

Why is there so much occupational sex segregation in the 21st century? The authors cast light on this question by using O*NET archive of occupation traits to operationalize concepts essentialism and vertical inequality more exhaustively than past research. When new model applied recent U.S. Census data, results show that remains even after physical, analytic, interactional forms are controlled; nonetheless accounts for total does inequality; physical especially strong; form one few examples...

The article presents an analysis of the development labour market risks in Germany light changing working poverty risks. Low hourly wages and part-time employment are identified as main demand-side-related mechanisms for household poverty. Their measurement discussed well their contribution to trends A rise low wages, especially among employed households, was decisive increase by 45% between end 1990s 2000s. We therefore study these more closely multivariate analysis. results show that while...

Previous research shows considerable variation in the strength of motherhood wage penalty across countries, which has partially been attributed to differences policies supporting maternal employment. Although such are usually understood be complementary, their effects on workers—and especially employees jobs diverse skills levels—may differ. Using longitudinal data from European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for ten this article describes associations different employment with by skill....

Do cyberattacks fuel the politics of threat? By what mechanism does it do so? To address these questions, we employ a technological and physiological experiment (2 × 2) involving simulated cyberattack. Participants were randomly assigned to "cyberattack" (treatment) or "no attack" (control) conditions. We find that cyber-attacks make people more likely express threat perceptions; suggest salivary cortisol, measure stress, as bridging cyber threat. Contrary existing evidence, cortisol is...

Abstract This research note introduces two novel indexes designed to measure legislative activity (ParlAct) and use of digital devices maintain functions (ParlTech) during the first wave Covid-19 pandemic. It will also present a comprehensive dataset on functioning legislatures critical period pandemic, providing scores for 152 domestic both ParlAct ParlTech indexes. be argued that could serve as templates future other pandemics, crises contingencies.

Israeli society presents a unique context for studying motherhood’s impacts on employment and earnings: High fertility marriage rates coincide with high of women’s education employment. While past research finds low motherhood penalties in Israel, ethno-religious group differences these are unexplored. Ours is the first longitudinal study to examine simultaneously wage among groups. Using newly available panel data, we find that deters Israeli-Palestinians more strongly than Jews,...

Abstract The preference for reduced work hours is well-known to be associated with various social ramifications, but research on the determinants of workers’ generally limited investigating individual and job characteristics. Building paradigm construction gender, life-course perspective, scholarship welfare policy, we examine relationships between heterosexual dual-earner couples’ hour arrangements men’s women’s own preferences hours, as well their desire spouses’ in 19 countries. This...

Covid-19 has shocked governance systems worldwide. Legislatures, in particular, have been shut down or limited due to the pandemic, yet with divergence from one country another. In this article, we report results a cross-sectional quantitative analysis of legislative activity during initial reaction shock and identify factors accounting for such variation. Exploring legislatures across 159 countries, find no relation between severity limitations on legislatures’ operation, thus suggesting...

Prior research on attitudes toward redistribution documents an association between one’s policy preferences and socioeconomic position, as well impact of welfare the mean level support for redistribution. Building both traditions, current paper aims to expand our understanding sources public policies by examining role that social plays in shaping working poor. distinction labor market insiders outsiders, this examines whether poor more closely resemble those non-poor workers or non-working...

Insufficient attention has been given to studying a vital organ jeopardized by COVID-19: legislatures. Legislatures across the globe have shut down or limited due COVID-19. In comprehensive multidisciplinary study, exploring legislatures 159 countries, we show that there is no causal relation between severity of COVID-19 and limitations on legislatures' operation. This suggests are at risk being either unfounded fear from as an excuse for silencing We find in healthy democracies relatively...

In this study, we use the life course perspective and paradigm of social construction gender to examine relationships between dual-earner couples' adaptive strategies, such as their work-hour arrangements, conjoint occupational status, relative earnings, men's women's own preferences for reduced work hours well desire spouses. Using 2010 European Social Survey, document a pervasive preference in countries, which is common both men women. Our findings indicate that, regardless actual hour...

Abstract Objective Aiming to generate evidence on how contextual conditions shape individuals' opportunities and constraints and, ultimately, life courses, we focus a period of childcare expansion in reunified Germany. We investigate differences employment trajectories around mothers' first childbirths identify potential East–West convergence. Background During Germany's division (1949–1990), universal public female full‐time were the norm East Germany, while male breadwinner model was...

Looking at a period of childcare expansion, we investigate East-West differences in employment trajectories around first childbirth Germany over time to identify potential convergence. During Germany’s division (1945-1990), universal public and female full-time were the norm East Germany, while male breadwinner model was dominant West. Even several years after reunification, women’s labor force behavior persist, although they are declining. In 2008, widespread reform targeted expansion...