Twenty undergraduate subjects were presented with unsignaled 50-ms white noise bursts (95 dB) to probe their perceptual processing while viewing 36 colored photographic slides, depicting pleasant/ interesting, neutral/dull, or unpleasant/interesting scenes and objects. Startle magnitudes the as measured by eyeblink response largest for unpleasant material smallest positive material. This effect was independent of measures orienting, arousal, interest in materials. The results reconcile...

The lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and their psychological impact were assessed in 440 undergraduate students. Eighty-four percent the subjects reported experiencing at least one event sufficient intensity potentially to elicit Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). One-third sample had experienced four or more events. Subjects who trauma higher levels depression, anxiety, PTSD symptomatology than nontraumatized subjects, these symptoms intense multiple traumas. Events that...

Abstract The lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and their psychological impact were assessed in 440 undergraduate students. Eighty‐four percent the subjects reported experiencing at least one event sufficient intensity potentially to elicit Post‐ Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). One‐third sample had experienced four or more events. Subjects who trauma higher levels depression, anxiety, PTSD symptomatology than nontraumatized subjects, these symptoms intense multiple traumas. Events...

Abstract The startle reflex, facial electromyogram (EMG), and autonomic nervous system responses were examined during imagery varying in affective valence arousal. Subjects ( N = 48) imagined situations tone‐cued 8‐strials. Startle blink magnitudes larger latencies faster negatively valent than positively conditions high‐arousal low‐arousal conditions. Greatest heart rate acceleration fastest largest skin conductance to probes occurred imagery. Zygomatic orbicularis oculi muscle activities...

Abstract The goals of this study were (a) to examine differing views on the relationship between self‐report emotion and physiological expression emotion, (b) differentiate negative emotional contexts during imagery using facial electromyogram (EMG), (c) describe muscle patterning autonomic physiology situations that involve expelling or avoiding disgusting sensory stimulation. Fifty subjects imagined eliciting disgust, anger, pleasure, joy in 8‐s trials a tone‐cued procedure. Heart rate,...

This study assessed exposure effects on liking, self-reported affect, and physiology in response to music. Music stimuli varied valence (positive or negative) arousal (high low), a 2×2 within-subjects design (N=67). Six quasi-randomly ordered, counterbalanced exposures music produced polarisation. With exposure, negative was liked even less, whereas positive more. Zygomatic (smile) EMG also showed polarisation: with participants smiled most during arousing music, least Heart rate, corrugator...

ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of three variables held to influence heart rate response during imagery‐related text processing: mode processing, content text, and inclusion information in text. Sixty‐four undergraduates imagined silently repeated fearful neutral sentences a paradigm designed allow for self‐initiation sentence processing. Fear either included or did not include about bodily responses image. Heart accelerated more fear imagery than silent repetition type sentence....

Blink reflexes to acoustic probes, heart rate, and subjective reports were studied during affective memory imagery. Thirty-six undergraduates memorized 6 pairs of neutral fearful sentences. After learning each pair, they relaxed listened a series uniform tones, one every s. A change in tone pitch (higher or lower) cued recall the two At first cue tone, groups (n = 12) under different instructions: (a) ignore sentence relax, (b) silently articulate sentence, (c) imagine content as personal...

Objective Sleep disturbances are a core and salient feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Pilot studies have indicated that combined cognitive‐behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) imagery rehearsal (IRT) nightmares improves sleep as well PTSD symptoms. Method The present study randomized 40 combat veterans (mean age 37.7 years; 90% male 60% African American) who served in Afghanistan and/or Iraq (Operation Enduring Freedom [OEF] / Operation Iraqi [OIF]) to 4 sessions CBT‐I with...

Abstract In examining predictors of posttraumatic stress, researchers have focused on trauma intensity and devoted less attention to other variables. This study examined how personality demographic variables are related the likelihood experiencing a trauma, severity symptoms in sample 402 college students reporting wide range trauma. Elevations antisocial borderline traits were significant retraumatization, accounting for 12% variance. Personality PTSD severity, 43% Neuroticism interacted...

Abstract Cardiovascular responses, skin conductance, corrugator ("frown"), and zygomaticus ("smile") electromyographic activity, self-reported emotional responses were examined in response to scenarios that varied content whether they involved interacting with a Black or White person. (33 women, 25 men) (28 26 students imagined joy, neutral, fear, anger situations. Emotional contents replicated patterns of physiological emotion found other studies, although gender differences studies evident...

Abstract Thirty college student subjects were instructed to process fearful or neutral sentences on cue. Cue tones presented randomly within a repetitive series of non-signal (1 every 6sec). A change in tone frequency (higher lower) was the signal recall either member previously memorised sentence pair. At first for retrieval, and depending group assignment, engaged one three text processing tasks: null task (i.e. told not at this cue), silent articulation sentence, imagery content. second...

This paper describes three studies of the reliability and validity a newly revised version Purdue Posttraumatic Stress Disorder scale (PPTSD-R). The PPTSD-R is 17-item questionnaire that yields four scores: Reexperiencing, Avoidance, Arousal, Total. It highly internally consistent (α = .91), scores are relatively stable across time. correlated with other measures PTSD symptomatology moderately related psychopathology, providing preliminary support for measure's convergent discriminant...

In a first study, phobic volunteer subjects (N = 60) reacted psychophysiologically with greater vigor to imagery of their own content than other fearful or nonaffective images. Imagery heart rate responses were largest in multiple phobias. For simple (dental) phobics, cardiac reactivity was positively correlated reports vividness and concordant affective distress; these relationships not observed for social (speech) phobics. second volunteers shown be similar on most measures an outpatient...

The authors examined the sensitivity and specificity of a modified version Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for major, minor, intermittent depressive disorder in 150 elderly male medical inpatients. Four somatic RDC symptoms were replaced with four nonsomatic symptoms. criteria was 87%, 97%, 96% patients correctly classified. Misclassifications mildly depressed patients. These results provide empirical support use alternative, when are ambiguous indicators depression.

Spielberger's state-trait theory of anger was investigated in adolescents (n = 201, ages 10-18, 53% African American, 47% European 48% female) using Deffenbacher's five hypotheses formulated to test the adults. Self-reported experience, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) responses provoking imagery scripts found strong support for application this adolescents. Compared with low trait (LTA) group, high (HTA) produced increased HR, SBP, DBP, greater self-report...

The present study investigated the efficacy of a 6-hour self-directed workbook adapted from REACH Forgiveness intervention.Undergraduates (N = 41) were randomly assigned to either an immediate treatment or waitlist control condition. Participants assessed across 3 time periods using variety forgiveness outcome measures.The intervention increased forgiveness, as indicated by positive changes in participants' ratings that differed In addition, benchmarking analysis showed is at least...

Misophonia is a recently defined disorder in which certain aversive repetitive sounds and associated stimuli elicit distressing impairing affective, behavioral, physiological responses. The responses misophonia may be stronger when the sound produced by close friends family, suggesting that context triggering cue occurs have an important role misophonia. As such, goal of this study was to test experimentally whether source influences affective psychophysiological misophonia.Sixty one adults...